Cases6013303/2025

Claimant v Novaplex Business Solutions Limited

9 December 2025Before Employment Judge BurgeLondon Southon papers

Outcome

Claimant fails

Individual claims

Wrongful Dismissalfailed

The claimant disobeyed a reasonable instruction to leave his laptop untouched, put it into flight mode, downloaded secure eraser software to cover his tracks, and sent an email threatening to disclose retained confidential evidence to the employer's competitor. The tribunal concluded this willful conduct amounted to gross misconduct and a repudiatory breach of contract justifying summary dismissal.

Breach of Contractfailed

The claimant claimed unpaid pension contributions under a clause requiring the employer to pay 8% conditional upon receiving administrative documents from NEST. The tribunal found the clause was not well drafted but the claimant's claim failed, although it was not characterised as having no reasonable prospects of success.

Unlawful Deduction from Wageswithdrawn

Claim for commission totalling £26,250 was withdrawn by the claimant on the morning of the final hearing after receiving advice from counsel that it had no reasonable prospects of success.

Breach of Contractwithdrawn

Claim for share options totalling £11,993.93 was withdrawn by the claimant on the morning of the final hearing after receiving advice from counsel that it had no reasonable prospects of success.

Facts

The claimant was dismissed for gross misconduct after downloading at least 1,963 confidential company files and defying his employer's instruction to leave his laptop untouched. He put the laptop into flight mode, downloaded secure eraser software to cover his tracks, and sent an email threatening to disclose retained confidential evidence to the employer's competitor. He brought claims for wrongful dismissal, unpaid pension contributions, commission and share options, having less than two years' service. He was largely self-represented but had limited advice from Bindmans LLP and counsel instructed shortly before the final hearing.

Decision

The tribunal dismissed all claims at the full merits hearing on 15 October 2025. The respondent then applied for costs of £20,000 out of total costs of £25,314. The tribunal found the wrongful dismissal claim had no reasonable prospects of success given the claimant's willful misconduct, and that he acted unreasonably in continuing to pursue it despite being warned in the strike-out application. The tribunal awarded £5,000 in costs, finding this proportionate to a one-day hearing and reflecting that some costs related to claims that did not meet the unreasonableness threshold.

Practical note

Even a litigant in person with limited legal advice can face substantial costs orders if they pursue claims with no reasonable prospects of success after being explicitly warned, particularly where their own conduct clearly amounts to repudiatory breach.

Legal authorities cited

Scott v Russell [2013] EWCA Civ 1432Lodwick v Southwark London Borough Council [2004] ICR 884Haydar v Pennine Acute NHS Trust UKEAT/0141/17Monaghan v Close ThorntonA v B [2010] EWCA Civ 1378Yerrakalva v Barnsley Metropolitan Borough Council [2012] ICR 420Doyle v North West London Hospitals NHS Trust UKEAT/0271/11/RNDyer v Secretary of State for Employment EAT 183/83McPherson v BNP Paribas (London Branch) [2004] ICR 1398AQ Ltd v Holden [2012] IRLR 648Madu v Loughborough College [2025] EAT 52Calderbank v CalderbankRaggett v John Lewis [2012] 6 Costs LR 1053Lake v Arco Grating UK Ltd UKEAT/0511/04/RNKopel v Safeway Stores [2003] IRLR 753

Statutes

Employment Tribunals Rules 2024 Rule 3Employment Tribunals Rules 2024 Rule 82Employment Tribunals Rules 2024 Rule 75Employment Tribunals Rules 2024 Rule 73Employment Tribunals Rules 2024 Rule 74

Case details

Case number
6013303/2025
Decision date
9 December 2025
Hearing type
costs
Hearing days
Classification
procedural

Respondent

Sector
technology
Represented
Yes
Rep type
solicitor

Claimant representation

Represented
Yes
Rep type
solicitor