Cases6016447/2024

Claimant v Ocean Fish (Retail) Limited

9 December 2025Before Employment Judge VolkmerBodminin person

Outcome

Other

Individual claims

Direct Discrimination(pregnancy)not determined

Preliminary hearing to determine strike out and deposit order applications only. Factual issue of dismissal date disputed. One allegation (failure to pay for time off for midwife appointments) subject to deposit order for little reasonable prospect of success based on clocking records and matching payslips.

Harassment(sex)not determined

Claim includes harassment allegations from September 2024 which are in time. One allegation (failure to pay for midwife appointments) subject to deposit order. Other harassment allegations (shouting by Billy Dickson and Lucy Mellum in September 2024) to proceed to full hearing.

Automatic Unfair Dismissal(pregnancy)not determined

Preliminary hearing only. Tribunal refused to strike out respondent's defence or make deposit order on time limits. Factual dispute over whether claimant resigned or was dismissed, and when. Evidence shows claimant's father-in-law may have been treated similarly, which could undermine discriminatory motivation.

Wrongful Dismissalnot determined

No determination made at preliminary hearing. Time limit issue depends on disputed dismissal date. No deposit order made.

Unlawful Deduction from Wagesnot determined

Two allegations: (1) deductions for lunch breaks exceeding 30 minutes when only 30 minutes taken - to proceed; (2) failure to pay for time off for midwife appointments on 12, 14 and 28 June 2024 - subject to deposit order as clocking records and payslips appear conclusive that claimant was either not working or was paid for full day.

Facts

Pregnant claimant worked as Operative/Packer from February 2024. Dispute over whether she resigned or was dismissed in July or September 2024. Claims include pregnancy discrimination, harassment (including incidents with managers Billy Dickson and Lucy Mellum shouting at her about her pregnancy), automatic unfair dismissal, wrongful dismissal and unlawful deductions from wages (relating to lunch breaks and allegedly unpaid time off for midwife appointments on 12, 14 and 28 June 2024). Claimant is illiterate and unable to access internet, represented by former colleague as lay representative. Early conciliation commenced 21 October 2024, claim filed 27 October 2024.

Decision

Tribunal dismissed claimant's application to strike out respondent's defence, finding factual disputes required full hearing. Tribunal also dismissed most of respondent's deposit order application, finding insufficient basis to conclude little reasonable prospect of success on time limits given disputed dismissal date and claimant's circumstances. However, tribunal made deposit order of £3 (£1 per allegation under three heads of claim) regarding failure to pay for midwife appointments, finding clocking records and payslips appeared conclusive that claimant was either not working or was paid.

Practical note

Even where there are documentary inconsistencies, strike out is inappropriate where core facts are disputed and require witness evidence, particularly in discrimination cases involving vulnerable claimants with literacy issues and lay representation.

Legal authorities cited

Anyanwu & Another v South Bank University [2001] ICR 391Hemdan v Ishmail [2017] IRLR 228Sami v Nanoavionics UK Ltd [2022] IRLR 656Jansen Van Rensburg v Royal Borough of Kingston-upon-Thames EAT 0096/07Hasan v Tesco Stores Ltd UKEAT/0098/16Cox v Adecco Group UK & Ireland [2021] ICR 1307Mechkarov v Citibank N.A [2016] ICR 1121Northamptonshire County Council v Entwhistle UKEAT/0540/09/ZTDedman v British Building and Engineering Appliances Ltd [1974] ICR 53Walls Meat Company Ltd v Khan [1979] ICR 52Marks & Spencer PLC v Williams-Ryan [2008] ICR 193Pearce v Bank of America Merrill Lynch and ors EAT 0067/19Abertawe Bro Morgannwg University Local Health Board v Morgan [2018] EWCA Civ 640

Statutes

ERA 1996 s.111(2)ERA 1996 s.23(2)Employment Tribunals Extension of Jurisdiction (England and Wales) Order 1994 article 7EqA 2010 s.123EqA 2010 s.26EqA 2010 s.18ERA 1996 s.207B

Case details

Case number
6016447/2024
Decision date
9 December 2025
Hearing type
preliminary
Hearing days
1
Classification
contested

Respondent

Sector
retail
Represented
Yes
Rep type
barrister

Employment details

Role
Operative/Packer

Claimant representation

Represented
Yes
Rep type
lay rep