Cases3314213/2023

Claimant v Waterstones Booksellers Limited

1 December 2025Before Employment Judge FreshwaterEast of Englandin person

Outcome

Other

Individual claims

Whistleblowingstruck out

The tribunal found it would have been reasonably practicable for the claimant to have brought his whistleblowing claim within three months of the alleged detriments (October and December 2022), even taking into account his disabilities. He could have consulted his union representative or researched the possibility of litigation much sooner than December 2023. The tribunal did not accept that waiting for the grievance outcome made it not reasonably practicable to claim in time.

Harassment(disability)not determined

The tribunal found the claim was out of time (most recent incident June 2023) but granted a just and equitable extension. The claimant had been trying to resolve matters internally through grievance procedures. He issued his claim within three months of his employment ending and receiving the grievance outcome. His ADHD and dyslexia made it more difficult to focus and deal with paperwork. The prejudice to the respondent was limited as allegations had been investigated during the grievance process.

Failure to Make Reasonable Adjustments(disability)not determined

The tribunal found the claim was out of time but granted a just and equitable extension on the same basis as the harassment claim. The claimant had focused on internal procedures, believing this was the right approach. His disabilities (ADHD and dyslexia affecting focus and paperwork management) were relevant factors. The respondent had been aware of the complaints through the grievance process, limiting prejudice. The claimant's inability to bring any Equality Act complaint without the extension outweighed prejudice to the respondent.

Constructive Dismissalnot determined

The respondent conceded this claim was within time. No substantive decision was made at this preliminary hearing which dealt only with jurisdiction and time limits.

Unlawful Deduction from Wagesnot determined

The respondent conceded this claim (arrears of pay) was within time. No substantive decision was made at this preliminary hearing which dealt only with jurisdiction and time limits.

Facts

The claimant worked for Waterstones from April 2019 to September 2023. He is disabled by reason of ADHD and dyslexia. He raised informal and formal grievances in November 2022 and April 2023 covering issues including alleged whistleblowing detriments, harassment related to disability, and failures to make reasonable adjustments. He issued his claim on 4 December 2023, after his employment ended and after receiving the grievance outcome. He had been trying to resolve matters internally through the grievance procedure.

Decision

The tribunal granted just and equitable extensions for the harassment and reasonable adjustments claims, finding the claimant had reasonably focused on internal procedures and his disabilities affected his ability to manage paperwork and timescales. However, it refused to extend time for the whistleblowing claim under the reasonably practicable test, finding the claimant could have claimed much sooner, including by consulting his union representative when tribunal proceedings were first mentioned in August 2023.

Practical note

Different time limit tests under ERA 1996 (reasonably practicable) and Equality Act 2010 (just and equitable) can lead to different outcomes even where a claimant has waited for a grievance outcome before claiming, with the latter test more generous to disabled claimants pursuing internal procedures.

Legal authorities cited

Lowri Beck Services Ltd v Brophy [2019] EWCA Civ 2490Miller v Ministry of Justice EAT 0003/15John Lewis Partnership v Charman EAT 0079/11Palmer v Southend-on-Sea Borough Council [1984] ICR 372Bodha v Hampshire Area Health Authority [1982] ICR 200Porter v Bandridge Ltd [1978] ICR 943Asda Stores Ltd v Kauser EAT 0165/07

Statutes

Employment Rights Act 1996 s.48Limitation Act 1980 s.33Equality Act 2010 s.21Equality Act 2010 s.26Equality Act 2010 s.123

Case details

Case number
3314213/2023
Decision date
1 December 2025
Hearing type
preliminary
Hearing days
1
Classification
contested

Respondent

Sector
retail
Represented
Yes
Rep type
barrister

Employment details

Service
4 years

Claimant representation

Represented
No