Claimant v Waterstones Booksellers Limited
Outcome
Individual claims
The tribunal found it would have been reasonably practicable for the claimant to have brought his whistleblowing claim within three months of the alleged detriments (October and December 2022), even taking into account his disabilities. He could have consulted his union representative or researched the possibility of litigation much sooner than December 2023. The tribunal did not accept that waiting for the grievance outcome made it not reasonably practicable to claim in time.
The tribunal found the claim was out of time (most recent incident June 2023) but granted a just and equitable extension. The claimant had been trying to resolve matters internally through grievance procedures. He issued his claim within three months of his employment ending and receiving the grievance outcome. His ADHD and dyslexia made it more difficult to focus and deal with paperwork. The prejudice to the respondent was limited as allegations had been investigated during the grievance process.
The tribunal found the claim was out of time but granted a just and equitable extension on the same basis as the harassment claim. The claimant had focused on internal procedures, believing this was the right approach. His disabilities (ADHD and dyslexia affecting focus and paperwork management) were relevant factors. The respondent had been aware of the complaints through the grievance process, limiting prejudice. The claimant's inability to bring any Equality Act complaint without the extension outweighed prejudice to the respondent.
The respondent conceded this claim was within time. No substantive decision was made at this preliminary hearing which dealt only with jurisdiction and time limits.
The respondent conceded this claim (arrears of pay) was within time. No substantive decision was made at this preliminary hearing which dealt only with jurisdiction and time limits.
Facts
The claimant worked for Waterstones from April 2019 to September 2023. He is disabled by reason of ADHD and dyslexia. He raised informal and formal grievances in November 2022 and April 2023 covering issues including alleged whistleblowing detriments, harassment related to disability, and failures to make reasonable adjustments. He issued his claim on 4 December 2023, after his employment ended and after receiving the grievance outcome. He had been trying to resolve matters internally through the grievance procedure.
Decision
The tribunal granted just and equitable extensions for the harassment and reasonable adjustments claims, finding the claimant had reasonably focused on internal procedures and his disabilities affected his ability to manage paperwork and timescales. However, it refused to extend time for the whistleblowing claim under the reasonably practicable test, finding the claimant could have claimed much sooner, including by consulting his union representative when tribunal proceedings were first mentioned in August 2023.
Practical note
Different time limit tests under ERA 1996 (reasonably practicable) and Equality Act 2010 (just and equitable) can lead to different outcomes even where a claimant has waited for a grievance outcome before claiming, with the latter test more generous to disabled claimants pursuing internal procedures.
Legal authorities cited
Statutes
Case details
- Case number
- 3314213/2023
- Decision date
- 1 December 2025
- Hearing type
- preliminary
- Hearing days
- 1
- Classification
- contested
Respondent
- Sector
- retail
- Represented
- Yes
- Rep type
- barrister
Employment details
- Service
- 4 years
Claimant representation
- Represented
- No