Cases2202954/2022

Claimant v Lloyds Bank Plc

10 November 2025Before Employment Judge Mr J S BurnsLondon Centralremote video

Outcome

Claimant fails

Individual claims

Direct Discrimination(religion)failed

The Tribunal found the Claimants did not hold the protected anti-Zionist beliefs at the relevant time and that the Respondent's treatment was due to the manner of manifestation/expression of beliefs being inappropriate in the workplace, not the beliefs themselves.

Direct Discriminationfailed

Alternative claim based on philosophical beliefs also failed as the Tribunal found the beliefs were not worthy of respect in a democratic society under the Grainger test due to antisemitic manifestations.

Indirect Discrimination(religion)failed

Claimants failed to prove that Muslims were put at a particular disadvantage by the PCP of subjecting inappropriate, offensive or potentially offensive speech to disciplinary action. No statistical or other evidence was adduced to establish group disadvantage.

Facts

Two Muslim employees of Lloyds Bank posted/emailed messages internally about the Israel/Palestine conflict in May 2021. The Respondent gave them final written warnings for breach of conduct rules, finding the posts offensive and inappropriate for the workplace. The warnings were reported to the FCA. Both Claimants appealed unsuccessfully. They brought claims of direct and indirect religious/philosophical belief discrimination.

Decision

The Tribunal dismissed all claims. It found the Claimants did not hold protected anti-Zionist philosophical beliefs at the relevant time under the Grainger test because such beliefs as manifested were not worthy of respect in a democratic society. The Tribunal found the Respondent's actions were due to the manner of manifestation being inappropriate for the workplace, not the beliefs themselves. The indirect discrimination claim failed for lack of evidence of group disadvantage.

Practical note

Philosophical beliefs opposing Zionism may fail the 'worthy of respect' limb of Grainger if manifested in ways that include antisemitic tropes or are insensitive to Jewish history, even if the holder does not intend antisemitism; employers can legitimately restrict polarising political discourse in the workplace to maintain an inclusive environment, though disciplinary sanctions must be proportionate.

Legal authorities cited

Grainger plc v Nicholson [2010] IRLR 4Miller v Ministry of Justice [2023] EAT 140Bank Mellat v HM Treasury [2013] UKSC 39Higgs v Farmor's School [2023] ICR 1159Page v NHS Trust Development Authority [2021] IRLR 578Forstater v CGD Europe [2022] ICR 1

Statutes

Equality Act 2010 s.13Equality Act 2010 s.10Equality Act 2010 s.4European Convention on Human Rights Article 10European Convention on Human Rights Article 9Equality Act 2010 s.123Equality Act 2010 s.19

Case details

Case number
2202954/2022
Decision date
10 November 2025
Hearing type
full merits
Hearing days
15
Classification
contested

Respondent

Sector
financial services
Represented
Yes
Rep type
barrister

Employment details

Role
Customer Service Adviser (Ms Sohail); Litigation and Fair Assessment Advisor (Ms Khalid)

Claimant representation

Represented
Yes
Rep type
barrister