Cases3305480/2020

Claimant v Impact Recruitment Services Ltd

27 October 2025Before Employment Judge AlliottWatfordremote video

Outcome

Partly successful

Individual claims

Unfair Dismissalsucceeded

The majority found the claimant did not resign but was dismissed by the first respondent on 8 April 2020 when issued a P45. The dismissal was based on a mistaken belief she had resigned. This was not a potentially fair reason and the dismissal was both procedurally and substantively unfair.

Breach of Contractsucceeded

The tribunal found the claimant's claim for notice pay against the first respondent was well founded, meaning she was entitled to notice pay which had not been paid.

Direct Discrimination(age)failed

The tribunal found the claimant was not subjected to less favourable treatment because of age. The tribunal found any antipathy between the claimant and Ms Smet/Mr Hiles was due to a non-age related incident at a Christmas party in 2018. The tribunal found comparators would have been treated the same way and that age played no part in any treatment.

Direct Discrimination(age)failed

Claim that claimant was not given a permanent contract in July 2019. Tribunal found Ms Smet was not an appropriate comparator as she had better skills (English, office work). Treatment was not less favourable and in any event not because of age.

Direct Discrimination(age)failed

Claim about being asked to lift heavy items on return from surgery in August 2019. Tribunal found this was not less favourable treatment as a hypothetical younger comparator would have been treated the same in the absence of a doctor's note. In any event, treatment was not because of age.

Direct Discrimination(age)failed

Claim about alleged comment by Ms Smet that claimant was 'too slow and too old'. Tribunal found a confrontation occurred but that a hypothetical comparator would have been treated the same. Any comments were not because of age but due to personal antipathy.

Direct Discrimination(age)failed

Claim about removal from shift after 26 March 2020 and not being offered furlough. Tribunal found a hypothetical comparator would have been treated exactly the same and treatment was not because of age.

Direct Discrimination(age)failed

Claim that dismissal was age discrimination. Tribunal found a hypothetical comparator would have been treated exactly the same (mistaken belief of resignation) and treatment was not because of age.

Facts

The claimant was a Polish warehouse operative employed by a recruitment agency (first respondent) and placed at the second respondent's premises from January 2018. During the March 2020 Covid-19 lockdown, the majority of agency staff were stood down. On 1 April 2020 there was a disputed telephone conversation about whether the claimant resigned. The first respondent believed she had resigned and requested her P45; the claimant denied this. She was sent her P45 on 8 April 2020. The claimant also brought age discrimination claims relating to treatment by colleagues at the second respondent's premises.

Decision

The majority found the claimant did not resign but was dismissed on 8 April 2020 based on a mistaken belief she had resigned. This was not a potentially fair reason and the dismissal was unfair. The tribunal unanimously found all age discrimination claims failed, finding that any less favourable treatment was not because of the claimant's age but due to personal antipathy stemming from a 2018 Christmas party incident. Remedy to be determined at a further hearing.

Practical note

A mistaken belief that an employee has resigned does not constitute a potentially fair reason for dismissal under s.98 ERA 1996, and dismissal on that basis will be both procedurally and substantively unfair.

Legal authorities cited

Nagarajan v London Regional Transport [2000] 1 AC 501Software 2000 Ltd v Andrews [2007] ICR 825Shamoon v Chief Constable of the Royal Ulster Constabulary [2003] ICR 337Barton v Investec Henderson Crossthwaite Securities Ltd [2003] ICR 1205Chief Constable of the West Yorkshire Police v Khan [2001] ICR 1065Amnesty International v Ahmed [2009] ICR 1450CLFIS (UK) Ltd v Reynolds [2015] ICR 1010Fennell v Foot Anstey LLP EAT 0290/15Polkey v A E Dayton Services Ltd [1988] ICR 142

Statutes

ERA 1996 s.98(4)EqA 2010 s.13EqA 2010 s.23EqA 2010 s.123(1)(a)EqA 2010 s.123(1)(b)ERA 1996 s.98(1)ERA 1996 s.98(2)

Case details

Case number
3305480/2020
Decision date
27 October 2025
Hearing type
full merits
Hearing days
4
Classification
contested

Respondent

Sector
professional services
Represented
Yes
Rep type
solicitor

Employment details

Role
Warehouse Operative
Service
2 years

Claimant representation

Represented
No