Cases2223288/2024

Claimant v Kuda Technologies Limited

21 October 2025Before Employment Judge P KlimovLondon Centralin person

Outcome

Claimant fails

Individual claims

Direct Discrimination(sex)failed

Tribunal found claimant failed to meet initial burden of proof. No evidence of a culture of hostility towards women at R1. Claimant was the highest paid employee and a senior executive. All factual allegations either failed or were found to have non-discriminatory explanations. Tribunal found respondent witnesses credible and their evidence consistent with contemporaneous documents.

Harassment(sex)failed

Tribunal found most allegations failed on the facts. Where conduct occurred, it was not found to be related to sex or to meet the dignity/environment requirement under s.26 EqA. Tribunal emphasised tribunals must not cheapen the significance of harassment provisions by catching trivial acts causing minor upsets.

Victimisationfailed

Tribunal accepted claimant made protected acts (grievances dated 15 December 2023 and 10 April 2024). However, all allegations of detrimental treatment either failed on the facts or were found not to be caused by the protected acts. Tribunal found delays and failures in grievance process were due to claimant's resignation and non-engagement, not victimisation.

Constructive Dismissalfailed

Primary case (based on discrimination/harassment/victimisation) failed because underlying EqA claims failed. Alternative case (based on four specific allegations) failed: decision to make CPO role redundant was genuine and based on financial pressures from Naira devaluation, not a sham. R1 had reasonable and proper cause for its conduct. None of the acts were calculated or likely to destroy trust and confidence.

Wrongful Dismissalfailed

Claim was contingent on constructive dismissal being established. As no constructive dismissal found, wrongful dismissal claim failed. Claimant resigned on 27 April 2024 and was not dismissed.

Unlawful Deduction from Wagesfailed

Allegation concerned one-day delay in salary payment (paid 26 April instead of 25 April 2024). Tribunal found claimant not contractually entitled to be paid on 25th of each month. One-day delay was due to need to recalculate pay following reduction to SSP and did not amount to unlawful deduction.

Holiday Paywithdrawn

Withdrawn by claimant at start of hearing.

Facts

Claimant was Chief People Officer at fintech start-up from August 2021 earning £173,340, the highest paid employee. She disputed her stock option strike price, arguing she was entitled to Series A pricing ($57.74) instead of Series B pricing ($183.53) granted in her April 2022 option agreement. Following Naira devaluation causing severe financial pressures, respondent decided in February 2024 to make her CPO role redundant. Claimant was signed off sick from March 2024 and raised grievance alleging sex discrimination on 10 April 2024. She resigned on 27 April 2024 claiming constructive dismissal.

Decision

Tribunal dismissed all claims. Found claimant's evidence unreliable, evasive and inconsistent with contemporaneous documents. Accepted respondents' evidence that redundancy was genuine, driven by currency devaluation making UK costs prohibitive. No evidence of sex discrimination or 'boys club' culture. Claimant failed to meet initial burden of proof on all EqA claims. No breach of trust and confidence found - respondent had reasonable and proper cause for all challenged conduct.

Practical note

Self-represented claimants pursuing multiple discrimination claims must present credible evidence meeting the initial burden of proof; mere assertions of discriminatory culture without documentary support or credible witness corroboration will fail, particularly where contemporaneous documents contradict the claimant's account and respondent provides legitimate business reasons for challenged decisions.

Legal authorities cited

Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis v Hendricks [2003] ICR 530Malik v Bank of Credit and Commerce International [1998] AC 20Glasgow City Council v Zafar [1998] ICR 120Madarassy v Nomura International Plc [2007] ICR 867Igen v Wong [2005] ICR 931Western Excavating v Sharp [1978] ICR 221Amnesty International v Ahmed [2009] ICR 1450Land Registry v Grant [2011] ICR 1390Robertson v Bexley Community Centre [2003] IRLR 434Barclays Bank plc v Kapur [1991] ICR 208

Statutes

Equality Act 2010 s.13Equality Act 2010 s.26Employment Rights Act 1996 s.98Employment Rights Act 1996 s.94Equality Act 2010 s.123Equality Act 2010 s.27

Case details

Case number
2223288/2024
Decision date
21 October 2025
Hearing type
full merits
Hearing days
7
Classification
contested

Respondent

Sector
financial services
Represented
Yes
Rep type
barrister

Employment details

Role
Group Chief People Officer (CPO)
Salary band
£100,000+
Service
3 years

Claimant representation

Represented
No