Cases3201110/2023

Claimant v L & K Hotels Ltd

9 October 2025Before Employment Judge Suzanne PalmerEast Londonin person

Outcome

Claimant fails

Individual claims

Constructive Dismissalstruck out

Claim struck out under Rule 38(1)(b) because the claimant contacted and intimidated a key witness (Mr Jablonski), threatening him with words to the effect that he would not see his family again if he testified. This conduct was scandalous, vexatious and unreasonable, making a fair trial impossible as the witness refused to give evidence due to genuine fear for his safety and that of his family.

Wrongful Dismissalstruck out

Claim struck out under Rule 38(1)(b) on the same basis as the constructive dismissal claim - the claimant's witness intimidation made a fair hearing impossible.

Holiday Paystruck out

Claim struck out under Rule 38(1)(b) on the same basis - the intimidation of Mr Jablonski, whose evidence was crucial to determining factual disputes about hours worked and payments made, meant the tribunal could not fairly determine this claim.

Unlawful Deduction from Wagesstruck out

Claim struck out under Rule 38(1)(b) on the same basis - Mr Jablonski was a key witness to the alleged deductions from cash payments and his withdrawal from the proceedings made a fair trial impossible.

Breach of Contractstruck out

Claim struck out under Rule 38(1)(b) on the same basis - Mr Jablonski was identified as perpetrator or direct witness to the majority of the alleged breaches and his absence prevented fair determination.

Working Time Regulationsstruck out

Claims relating to rest breaks and maximum working hours struck out under Rule 38(1)(b) - as the claimant's line manager working alongside him daily, Mr Jablonski was the witness best placed to give evidence about hours, breaks and duties, and his withdrawal prevented fair trial.

National Minimum Wagestruck out

Claim struck out under Rule 38(1)(b) on the same basis - Mr Jablonski's evidence was essential to determining working patterns and payments, and a fair hearing became impossible following his intimidation.

Facts

The claimant worked as a part-time handyman for a hotel from September 2018 to early 2023. He alleged he actually worked full-time hours on construction sites for the respondent's director and was paid in cash, and brought claims for constructive dismissal, unpaid wages, holiday pay and working time violations. After the first three days of the final hearing in May 2025, during which witness evidence began, the claimant telephoned a key witness (his former line manager Mr Jablonski) and during the call told him 'this is war' and 'you are not going to see your kids, your grandchildren, your family, your wife again'. The witness became frightened for his family's safety and refused to continue as a witness.

Decision

The tribunal struck out the entire claim under Rule 38(1)(b) because the claimant's conduct in threatening and intimidating the respondent's key witness was scandalous, vexatious and unreasonable. The witness's evidence was crucial to nearly all issues in dispute and his withdrawal made a fair trial impossible. No lesser sanction could remedy the situation, particularly given that the respondent's other key witness (a director) was too ill with cancer to attend.

Practical note

Contacting and threatening an opponent's witness during part-heard proceedings will result in strike-out where that witness is so crucial that a fair trial becomes impossible without their evidence, even where this causes significant prejudice to the party who engaged in the misconduct.

Legal authorities cited

Blockbuster Entertainment Ltd v James [2006] IRLR 630 CABolch v Chipman [2004] IRLR 140 EATDe Keyser Ltd v Wilson [2001] IRLR 324 EAT

Statutes

Employment Tribunal Procedure Rules 2024 Rule 38(1)(b)Equality Act 2010National Minimum Wage Act 1998 s.1Working Time Regulations 1998 s.4, s.12, s.13Employment Rights Act 1996 s.13

Case details

Case number
3201110/2023
Decision date
9 October 2025
Hearing type
strike out
Hearing days
6
Classification
procedural

Respondent

Sector
hospitality
Represented
Yes
Rep type
lay rep

Employment details

Role
handyman
Service
4 years

Claimant representation

Represented
No