Cases2217937/2024

Claimant v Dr S Sukumaran and Dr S Dhall (practising in partnership as Cloister Road Surgery)

9 October 2025Before Employment Judge A M SnelsonLondon Central

Outcome

Partly successful

Individual claims

Direct Discrimination(disability)failed

Tribunal found allegations unfounded in fact. No less favourable treatment established in relation to meeting of 7 October 2021, delays in minutes, removal from WhatsApp group, return-to-work programme issues, or grievance handling. Even if treatment established, no evidence it was because of disability.

Discrimination Arising from Disability (s.15)(disability)partly succeeded

One claim succeeded substantively (inviting claimant to formal medical capability meeting on 22 March 2022 with less than 72 hours' notice), constituting unfavourable treatment because of absence from work arising from disability, and not justified. However, struck out as presented over two years out of time with tribunal refusing to extend under just and equitable discretion. All other claims under this head failed as unfavourable treatment not demonstrated or not 'because of' absence.

Failure to Make Reasonable Adjustments(disability)failed

Three of four PCPs not established in fact (requirements for full-time return, three-month phased return as capability process, and working from premises). Fourth PCP (advising completion of return-to-work programme at another practice) established in fact but tribunal found it probably incapable of standing as a PCP under s.20(3) as a 'one-off' act without evidence of repetition. Even if valid PCP, no substantial disadvantage or reasonable adjustment properly identified.

Harassment(disability)failed

Tribunal found alleged conduct either not established in fact (e.g. hostile meetings, mocking of disability) or not unwanted conduct related to disability with purpose or effect of violating dignity or creating hostile environment. Standard of gravity for harassment protection not met.

Victimisation(disability)failed

Protected acts established (grievances of 11 September 2023 and appeal of 30 November 2023). Two detriments established (deficiencies in grievance and appeal processes). However, claims failed because tribunal found no detriment was done because claimant had done protected act - deficiencies would have occurred regardless of whether grievance contained discrimination allegations.

Constructive Dismissalsucceeded

Tribunal found respondents repudiated contract by abandoning all efforts to get claimant back to work as soon as grievance commenced. Given Dr Diack's report advised claimant fit to return under phased programme, and she was disabled professional suffering ongoing financial loss and deskilling, respondents' inaction breached implied duty of trust and confidence. No affirmation found as claimant's conduct throughout grievance pointed to intention to preserve employment. Dismissal also unfair as respondents did not act reasonably.

Facts

Claimant, a part-time GP, contracted Long Covid in October 2020 and remained off work for over three years. She sought to return to work through occupational health process which recommended phased return. Respondent GP partnership engaged in discussions about return but process stalled. Claimant raised grievance in September 2023 alleging discrimination and unfair treatment. Following rejection of grievance and appeal, she resigned in April 2024 claiming constructive dismissal.

Decision

Tribunal dismissed all discrimination claims as either unfounded in fact or not established in law. One discrimination arising from disability claim succeeded substantively (22 March 2022 capability meeting invitation with inadequate notice) but was struck out as over two years out of time. Unfair constructive dismissal claim succeeded on basis that respondents repudiated contract by abandoning efforts to facilitate claimant's return to work once grievance commenced. Remedy hearing listed.

Practical note

A properly formulated PCP for reasonable adjustments purposes must show an 'element of repetition' and be capable of application beyond the individual claimant; mere one-off decisions or acts directed at a specific employee will not suffice unless evidence shows the employer would act similarly in future comparable circumstances.

Legal authorities cited

Shamoon v Chief Constable of the Royal Ulster Constabulary [2003] ICR 337Ishola v Transport for London [2020] ICR 1204 CALand Registry v Grant [2011] ICR 1390 CAWA Goold (Pearmak) Ltd v McConnell [1995] IRLR 516Pnaiser v NHS England [2016] IRLR 170Malik v Bank of Credit and Commerce International [1998] AC 20Robertson v Bexley Community Centre [2003] IRLR 434Nagarajan v London Regional Transport [2000] 1 AC 501

Statutes

Equality Act 2010 s.27Equality Act 2010 s.123Equality Act 2010 s.136Employment Rights Act 1996 s.98Employment Rights Act 1996 s.95Equality Act 2010 s.13Equality Act 2010 s.15Equality Act 2010 s.20Equality Act 2010 s.26

Case details

Case number
2217937/2024
Decision date
9 October 2025
Hearing type
full merits
Hearing days
5
Classification
contested

Respondent

Sector
healthcare
Represented
Yes
Rep type
barrister

Employment details

Role
GP (General Practitioner)
Service
7 years

Claimant representation

Represented
Yes
Rep type
barrister