Cases1401765/2022

Claimant v Vitality Corporate Services Limited

25 September 2025Before Employment Judge SelfSouthamptonin person

Outcome

Partly successful

Individual claims

Victimisationdismissed on withdrawal

Withdrawn by the claimant at lunch time on the second day of the hearing and dismissed upon withdrawal.

Detrimentfailed

Tribunal found that the protected disclosures (email exchanges and whistleblowing document) had no impact at all upon the respondent's conduct. The claimant was unable to demonstrate that the alleged detriments were because of the protected disclosures.

Automatic Unfair Dismissalfailed

The tribunal was entirely satisfied that the claimant's protected disclosures had no impact at all upon the respondent's conduct, let alone being the principal reason for the dismissal. Claim under section 103A ERA 1996 not well-founded.

Harassment(religion)failed

Tribunal found the respondent's communications and actions did not create an intimidating, hostile, degrading, humiliating or offensive environment for the claimant. The respondent's approach to vaccination and testing was objectively reasonable and not harassment related to the claimant's philosophical belief.

Direct Discrimination(religion)failed

The respondent's policies (promoting vaccination, requiring office attendance, and PCR testing for unvaccinated employees) applied to all staff regardless of whether they held the claimant's philosophical belief. No less favourable treatment of any particular group holding any particular views was demonstrated.

Indirect Discrimination(religion)failed

The claimant was unable to show group or individual disadvantage. Those affected by the testing requirement included people who were unvaccinated for many reasons unrelated to the claimant's belief. Even if disadvantage existed, the PCPs were objectively justified as proportionate means of achieving legitimate aims: facilitating collaboration and creating a safe working environment.

Constructive Dismissalsucceeded

The tribunal found a fundamental breach of the implied term of trust and confidence through the respondent's withdrawal of discretionary company sick pay and the failure to rectify this in the grievance process. The decision to withdraw sick pay because the illness related to the return to office dispute (before any disciplinary finding) was so outrageous that no reasonable decision-maker could have reached it and was not based on correct matters. This breach went to a central aspect of the contract (pay) and the claimant did not affirm the contract but resigned in response.

Facts

Mr Matthews was employed by Vitality since 2002 (via TUPE). During the Covid-19 pandemic, Vitality required employees to return to the office two days per week from October 2021, with unvaccinated employees required to provide weekly PCR tests. Matthews held a philosophical belief about informed medical consent and opposed vaccination mandates and testing requirements. He made protected disclosures about the employer's vaccination policy. When he refused to attend the office or provide tests, disciplinary proceedings commenced. While off sick due to stress related to the dispute, Vitality withdrew his discretionary company sick pay after one month because his illness 'related to the return to office requirements'. His grievance and appeal failed to reinstate the pay. He resigned in July 2022.

Decision

The tribunal dismissed claims of victimisation (withdrawn), protected disclosure detriment, automatic unfair dismissal, and all belief discrimination claims (harassment, direct and indirect discrimination). The tribunal found the employer's policies were reasonable and objectively justified. However, the constructive dismissal claim succeeded because the withdrawal of discretionary sick pay before any disciplinary finding, simply because the illness related to the office return dispute, breached the implied term of trust and confidence under the Wednesbury test and was not rectified at grievance. A 100% Polkey reduction applies because the claimant would have resigned anyway over the wider dispute.

Practical note

Employers must exercise contractual discretion (such as company sick pay) rationally and in accordance with the Wednesbury test, taking into account correct matters and not reaching outrageous decisions, even when employees are subject to disciplinary proceedings for refusing reasonable management instructions.

Adjustments

Polkey reduction100%

The tribunal was certain that even if the sick pay issue had been resolved in the claimant's favour at the grievance, the claimant would still have resigned at the same time because his substantial list of other complaints had not been resolved. Any compensatory award to be reduced by 100%.

Legal authorities cited

Associated Provincial Picture Houses Ltd v Wednesbury Corporation [1948] 1 KB 223Madarassy v Nomura International Plc [2007] ICR 867Western Excavating v Sharp [1978] ICR 221Malik v Bank of Credit and Commerce International [1998] AC 20IBM United Kingdom Holdings Ltd v Dalgleish [2018] ICR 1681Hills v Niksun Inc [2016] IRLR 715London Borough of Waltham Forest v Omilaju [2005] ICR 481Kaur v Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust [2018] EWCA Civ 978Braganza v BP Shipping Ltd [2015] ICR 449

Statutes

EqA 2010 s.23(1)EqA 2010 s.26ERA 1996 s.95(1)(c)EqA 2010 s.13ERA 1996 s.103AEqA 2010 s.19

Case details

Case number
1401765/2022
Decision date
25 September 2025
Hearing type
full merits
Hearing days
8
Classification
contested

Respondent

Sector
financial services
Represented
Yes
Rep type
barrister

Employment details

Service
20 years

Claimant representation

Represented
No