Cases2415261/2021

Claimant v Cragg and Roberts Limited

19 August 2025Before Employment Judge Rice-BirchallManchesterremote video

Outcome

Partly successful

Individual claims

Constructive Dismissalstruck out

The claim was submitted almost two months out of time. The tribunal found the EDT was 19 July 2021, and the claimant commenced EC on 19 October 2021, one day outside the primary time limit. The claimant was legally represented throughout, and it was reasonably practicable for the claim to have been presented in time. The delay was caused by the legal advisor's mistaken belief about time limits. Where skilled advisors are engaged and mistake the time limit, the claim is out of time and no extension will be granted under the reasonably practicable test.

Direct Discrimination(sex)partly succeeded

The claim was submitted almost two months out of time, with the last act of discrimination being the EDT on 19 July 2021. However, the tribunal exercised its discretion to extend time on just and equitable grounds. The tribunal considered that the claimant would suffer the greatest prejudice if unable to pursue her claim, while the respondent would receive a windfall. The delay was minimal (effectively one day led to the time limit issue), would not affect the ability to conduct a fair hearing, and was caused by a legal advisor's error rather than the claimant's fault. The claim was allowed to proceed.

Direct Discrimination(sex)not determined

Direct sex discrimination claim mentioned in the case summary. Time limit issue determined in the claimant's favour on just and equitable grounds, allowing the claim to proceed to a full merits hearing.

Harassment(sex)not determined

Harassment claim mentioned in the case summary as part of the sex discrimination claims. Time limit issue determined in the claimant's favour on just and equitable grounds, allowing the claim to proceed to a full merits hearing.

Unlawful Deduction from Wagesnot determined

No evidence was presented regarding the date of payment or the alleged deductions. The tribunal did not determine the time limit issue at this preliminary hearing. The judgment was corrected to remove this claim from those determined to be out of time. Whether the claim is in time will be considered at the final hearing.

Holiday Paynot determined

This claim was not the subject of the preliminary hearing on time limits. The judgment was corrected to clarify that any limitation issue regarding holiday pay should be considered at the final hearing.

Breach of Contractnot determined

This claim for wrongful dismissal was not the subject of the preliminary hearing on time limits. The judgment was corrected to clarify that any limitation issue regarding breach of contract should be considered at the final hearing.

Facts

The claimant was employed from June 2017 and was signed off sick from June 2021. She started a trial period with a new employer on 12 July 2021. On 19 July 2021, she was invited to a meeting about unauthorised absences, stated she was pursuing a constructive dismissal claim, and was suspended. The respondent wrote to her solicitor on 26 July 2021 stating they would treat her as having resigned on 19 July 2021 unless they heard otherwise. No response was received. The claimant commenced ACAS EC on 19 October 2021 (one day outside the primary three-month time limit) and submitted her claim on 17 December 2021.

Decision

The tribunal determined the EDT was 19 July 2021. The constructive unfair dismissal claim was struck out as out of time because the claimant was legally represented throughout and it was reasonably practicable for the claim to have been presented in time. The sex discrimination claims were also out of time, but the tribunal exercised its discretion to extend time on just and equitable grounds, noting the minimal delay, absence of prejudice to a fair hearing, and that the claimant would otherwise lose her claim due to her advisor's error.

Practical note

Even a one-day delay in commencing ACAS early conciliation can be fatal to ERA 1996 claims where a claimant is legally represented, as the reasonably practicable test is strictly applied, but discrimination claims may still proceed under the more flexible just and equitable discretion.

Legal authorities cited

Dedman v British Building and Engineering Appliances Ltd [1973] IRLR 379

Statutes

Employment Tribunals (Constitution and Rules of Procedure) Regulations 2013 Rule 62(3)Employment Tribunals (Constitution and Rules of Procedure) Regulations 2013 Rule 69Equality Act 2010 s.123ERA 1996 s.111

Case details

Case number
2415261/2021
Decision date
19 August 2025
Hearing type
preliminary
Hearing days
1
Classification
contested

Respondent

Sector
other
Represented
No
Rep type
in house

Employment details

Service
4 years

Claimant representation

Represented
Yes
Rep type
solicitor