Cases2401576/2024

Claimant v East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust

10 June 2025Before Employment Judge LloydManchesterremote video

Outcome

Partly successful

Individual claims

Unfair Dismissalstruck out

Claimant had less than two years' continuous service (only 12 months from 20 March 2023 to 24 March 2024) and therefore did not meet the statutory qualifying period under s.108 Employment Rights Act 1996. Dismissed for want of jurisdiction.

Automatic Unfair Dismissalstruck out

Claimant argued dismissal was due to asserting her philosophical belief (veganism/refusal of vaccination) as a statutory right under s.104 ERA 1996. Tribunal found that philosophical belief is not included within the definition of 'relevant statutory rights' under s.104(4) and therefore cannot ground an automatic unfair dismissal claim. Dismissed for want of jurisdiction.

Direct Discrimination(religion)partly succeeded

Claims at paragraphs 6c, 6d, 6e, 6f of draft list of issues were struck out as they compared claimant to white colleagues and related to race discrimination (which had been withdrawn), not religious belief discrimination. These had no reasonable prospect of success as religion/belief claims. Remaining direct discrimination claims (6a, 6b, 6h, 6i, 6j, 6k) were not struck out and will proceed to full hearing as they require witness evidence and fact-finding.

Indirect Discrimination(religion)not determined

Claims of indirect religion or belief discrimination were not struck out. Tribunal found they do not have no reasonable prospect of success and require explanation and determination of facts through witness evidence at a full hearing.

Harassment(religion)not determined

Claims of religious belief related harassment remain live after the preliminary hearing. Tribunal determined these require witness evidence and fact-finding at a full merits hearing.

Facts

Claimant, a vegan with philosophical belief against vaccination (as vaccines may be tested on animals), was employed by NHS Trust from 20 March 2023 to 24 March 2024. She was dismissed after approximately one year of service. She brought claims of unfair dismissal and religious/belief discrimination. The respondent applied to strike out parts of the claim. At a preliminary hearing, the tribunal considered whether the claimant had jurisdiction to bring unfair dismissal claims and whether parts of the discrimination claim had no reasonable prospect of success.

Decision

The tribunal dismissed both unfair dismissal claims for lack of jurisdiction: the ordinary claim because claimant lacked two years' service, and the automatic claim because philosophical belief is not a 'relevant statutory right' under s.104 ERA. The tribunal partially struck out the direct discrimination claim, finding that complaints comparing the claimant to white colleagues (6c-6f) were actually race discrimination claims (which had been withdrawn) rather than religion/belief claims. The remaining discrimination and harassment claims will proceed to a full hearing.

Practical note

A philosophical belief, even if protected under the Equality Act 2010, does not constitute a 'relevant statutory right' under s.104 Employment Rights Act 1996 and therefore cannot ground an automatic unfair dismissal claim to bypass the two-year service requirement.

Legal authorities cited

Anyanwu v South Bank Student Union [2001] ICR 391Ezsias v North Glamorgan NHS Trust [2007] ICR 1126Ahir v British Airways [2017] EWCA Civ 1392Cox v Adecco Group UK [2021] ICR 1307Mechkarov v Citibank NA [2016] ICR 1121Malik v Birmingham City Council and anor EAT 0027/19Hasan v Tesco Stores Ltd EAT 0098/16Balls v Downham Market High School [2011] IRLR 217

Statutes

Employment Rights Act 1996 s.108Employment Tribunals Rules 2024 Rule 3Employment Rights Act 1996 s.104Employment Tribunals Rules 2024 Rule 38

Case details

Case number
2401576/2024
Decision date
10 June 2025
Hearing type
preliminary
Hearing days
1
Classification
contested

Respondent

Sector
healthcare
Represented
Yes
Rep type
barrister

Employment details

Service
1 years

Claimant representation

Represented
No