Cases3304557/2022

Claimant v Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

2 June 2025Before Employment Judge M WarrenNorwichremote video

Outcome

Partly successful

Individual claims

Constructive Dismissalfailed

Tribunal found no breach of the implied term of mutual trust and confidence. Allegations regarding lack of training, exceeding two-hour specialling limit, and management comments about adjustments did not amount to conduct calculated to or likely to destroy mutual trust and confidence. Where breaches of policy occurred, there was reasonable and proper cause. Claimant resigned before awaiting outcome of further occupational health advice.

Direct Discrimination(sex)partly succeeded

Tribunal found a culture (not official policy) of selecting male Healthcare Assistants to special potentially aggressive or violent patients based on stereotypical assumptions about men being larger and stronger. Claims succeeded in relation to 4 of 7 specific incidents (Incidents 1, 3, 5, and 6) where evidence showed male-only allocation. This constituted less favourable treatment because of sex, placing male HCAs at greater risk of assault. Female HCAs in same circumstances would not have been so selected.

Failure to Make Reasonable Adjustments(disability)failed

Tribunal found that the Respondent did make reasonable adjustments. Claimant was exempted from specialling altogether on multiple occasions following occupational health advice. Arrangements were made to limit bank shifts to Ward N2 where exemption could be maintained. Purple Passport was offered but declined by claimant. While permanent exemption from specialling on N2 was not feasible due to staffing/logistical issues, transfer to another ward without specialling requirements was a reasonable alternative which claimant did not pursue. Claimant resigned before awaiting further occupational health physician advice.

Facts

Claimant, a male Healthcare Support Worker with PTSD and depression, worked for NHS Trust 2018-2022. He was repeatedly assigned to 'special' (closely observe) patients known or suspected to be aggressive/violent. He suffered multiple assaults. He alleged male HCAs were disproportionately selected for such duties based on stereotypical assumptions about physical capability. Following periods of mental health absence, occupational health recommended temporary exemption from specialling. Management indicated this could not be permanent on his ward due to operational needs, suggesting possible redeployment. Claimant resigned March 2022 citing discrimination and failure to accommodate his disability.

Decision

Tribunal upheld sex discrimination claim in relation to four specific incidents where male HCAs were selected to special aggressive patients based on gender stereotypes, not legitimate patient-specific needs. Constructive dismissal claim failed as no breach of trust and confidence found. Reasonable adjustments claim failed as employer had made reasonable temporary adjustments and offered alternatives (Purple Passport, redeployment) which claimant did not fully pursue before resigning. Remedy to be determined at further hearing; tribunal indicated preliminary view that compensation likely limited to injury to feelings.

Practical note

Selecting employees for potentially dangerous duties based on gender stereotypes (e.g. assuming men are stronger/more robust) constitutes direct sex discrimination even where employer has legitimate operational concerns; reasonable adjustments do not require employer to maintain indefinitely an arrangement that creates significant operational difficulties where alternative reasonable adjustments (such as redeployment) are available.

Legal authorities cited

Efobi v Royal Mail Group Ltd [2021] UKSC 33Kaur v Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust [2018] EWCA 978Barclays Bank Plc v Kapur [1991] ICR 208Chief Constable of Lincolnshire v Caston [2010] IRLR 327Abertawe Bro Morgannwg University Local Health Board v Morgan [2018] EWCA Civ 640Adedeji v University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust [2021] EWCA Civ 23Rathakrishnan v Pizza Express (Restaurants) Ltd [2016] ICR 283Rentokil Initial UK Limited v Miller [2024] EAT 37Western Excavating v Sharp [1978] ICR 221Nagarajan v London Regional Transport [2000] 1 AC 501Shamoon v Chief Constable of the Royal Ulster Constabulary [2003] ICR 337Igen v Wong [2005] ICR 931Madarassy v Nomura International Plc [2007] ICR 867Environment Agency v Rowan [2008] ICR 218Hendricks v Metropolitan Police Commissioner [2003] ICR 530

Statutes

Equality Act 2010 s.13Equality Act 2010 s.20Equality Act 2010 s.21Equality Act 2010 s.39Equality Act 2010 s.123Equality Act 2010 s.136Employment Rights Act 1996 s.94Employment Rights Act 1996 s.95(1)(c)

Case details

Case number
3304557/2022
Decision date
2 June 2025
Hearing type
full merits
Hearing days
10
Classification
contested

Respondent

Sector
healthcare
Represented
Yes
Rep type
barrister

Employment details

Role
Healthcare Support Worker
Service
4 years

Claimant representation

Represented
No