Cases3313367/2023

Claimant v Royal Mail Group Limited

16 May 2025Before Employment Judge E DaveyReadingremote video

Outcome

Claimant fails

Individual claims

Unfair Dismissalfailed

The tribunal found the respondent dismissed the claimant for some other substantial reason (poor attendance) which was a fair reason. The respondent followed its attendance policy fairly, issuing AR1, AR2, and conducting a proper dismissal meeting and appeal. The claimant's absences were genuine but not disability-related. The decision to dismiss fell within the range of reasonable responses available to a reasonable employer given the claimant's consistently poor attendance record over many years despite previous leniency.

Discrimination Arising from Disability (s.15)(disability)failed

While the respondent conceded the claimant was disabled (ASD) and had knowledge from 14 July 2023, the tribunal found no causal link between the claimant's disability and the reason for dismissal. The claimant's sickness absences (for genuine reasons such as flu, wrist pain, knee pain, dizziness) were not ASD-related. The claimant did not provide evidence his absences arose from his ASD, and the tribunal rejected his argument that ASD impaired his understanding of the attendance policy. The 'something arising' (poor attendance) did not arise in consequence of disability.

Failure to Make Reasonable Adjustments(disability)failed

The tribunal found the duty to make reasonable adjustments did not arise because there was no substantial disadvantage caused by the claimant's disability. The claimant's absences were not disability-related and his ASD did not impair his understanding of the attendance policy. There was no causative link between the PCP (requirement to maintain attendance standards) and any disadvantage arising from disability. The claimant failed to provide medical or other evidence during his employment linking his absences to ASD, only doing internet research after dismissal which was insufficient.

Unlawful Deduction from Wageswithdrawn

Withdrawn by claimant at preliminary hearing on 27 June 2024.

Facts

The claimant, employed by Royal Mail as a postal worker from 2014 to 2023, had a long history of frequent short-term sickness absences for various genuine reasons (flu, wrist/knee pain, dizziness, stomach upset). He was diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in March 2021 but did not disclose this to his employer until a consideration of dismissal meeting on 14 July 2023, after triggering the final stage of the respondent's attendance policy. The claimant had previously been issued with AR1 (June 2022) and AR2 (March 2023) notifications under the attendance policy. He was dismissed on 27 July 2023 for failing to meet attendance standards, and his appeal was dismissed on 19 September 2023.

Decision

The tribunal dismissed all claims. It found the claimant's dismissal was for some other substantial reason (poor attendance) which was fair. The respondent followed a proper procedure under its attendance policy negotiated with the union. Critically, the tribunal found the claimant's absences were not disability-related and his ASD did not impair his understanding of the attendance policy or its consequences. There was no causal link between his disability and either his absences or any substantial disadvantage, so the discrimination and reasonable adjustments claims failed.

Practical note

Employers can fairly dismiss employees with disabilities for poor attendance where the absences are genuine but not disability-related, and the employee understood the attendance policy requirements, even if diagnosed with a condition that could potentially affect understanding — the key is establishing the causal link between disability and the disadvantage suffered.

Legal authorities cited

Abernethy v Mott, Hay and Anderson [1974] ICR 323Kelly v Royal Mail Group Ltd EAT 0262/18Griffiths v Secretary of State for Work and Pensions [2017] ICR 160Pnaiser v NHS England [2016] IRLR 170Basildon and Thurrock NHS Foundation Trust v Weerasinghe [2016] ICR 305Taylor v OCS Group Ltd [2006] EWCA Civ 702O'Brien v Bolton St Catherines Academy [2017] EWCA CivIgen v Wong [2005] ICR 931Thompson v Vale of Glamorgan Council EAT 0065/20Hilaire v Luton Borough Council [2022] EAT 166Kelso v Department for Work and Pensions EAT 0009/15Iceland Frozen Foods v Jones [1983] ICR 17

Statutes

EqA 2010 s.20EqA 2010 s.21EqA 2010 s.136ERA 1996 s.98EqA 2010 s.15

Case details

Case number
3313367/2023
Decision date
16 May 2025
Hearing type
full merits
Hearing days
3
Classification
contested

Respondent

Sector
logistics
Represented
Yes
Rep type
solicitor

Employment details

Role
Occupational Postal Grade (OPG)
Service
9 years

Claimant representation

Represented
Yes
Rep type
lay rep