Cases8000734/2024

Claimant v Fertility Network UK

31 March 2025Before Employment Judge M WhitcombeScotlandin person

Outcome

Claimant fails

Individual claims

Whistleblowingfailed

Tribunal found that only Disclosures 1 and 4 (concerning breach of grant terms) were protected disclosures. However, all allegations that the respondent subjected the claimant to detriments because she made protected disclosures failed. The respondent proved that the detrimental treatment had nothing whatsoever to do with the protected disclosures. Each alleged detriment either did not occur, did not amount to a detriment, or was caused by legitimate reasons unrelated to the disclosures.

Constructive Dismissalfailed

Claimant alleged breach of implied term of trust and confidence and non-payment of overtime. Tribunal found no express or implied contractual right to paid overtime existed. The TOIL policy was clear and payments were discretionary exceptions, not contractual entitlements. Regarding trust and confidence, the respondent had reasonable and proper cause for all acts complained of. The tribunal found no fundamental breach of contract, so the resignation did not amount to constructive dismissal.

Breach of Contractfailed

Claimant claimed 18 hours unpaid overtime (£263.88). Tribunal found no express or implied contractual term entitling claimant to paid overtime. The written contract provided for TOIL only if agreed in advance. Custom and practice did not establish a contractual right. The TOIL policy was incompatible with any implied right to paid overtime. Claim failed on merits.

Unlawful Deduction from Wagesfailed

Same claim as breach of contract for 18 hours overtime. Failed for same reasons: no express or implied contractual right to paid overtime established. Without a contractual entitlement to the payment, there could be no unlawful deduction.

Facts

Claimant worked part-time (28 hours/week) as Scotland Branch Coordinator for a fertility charity from May 2019 to April 2024. In early 2024 she raised concerns to trustees about mismanagement of Scottish Government grant funding, changes to a colleague's contract without consultation, and data protection issues. She also claimed 18 hours unpaid overtime for work done in December 2023. The respondent commenced disciplinary action regarding her secondary makeup business which advertised availability during contracted working hours. Claimant raised a grievance about the disciplinary process, which was not upheld. She resigned on 4 March 2024 claiming constructive dismissal, citing the disciplinary action, failure to pay overtime, grant mismanagement, and lack of response to her disclosures.

Decision

Tribunal found that only disclosures about grant funding breaches were protected whistleblowing, but all detriment allegations failed because respondent proved legitimate reasons unconnected to the disclosures. Constructive dismissal claim failed because there was no fundamental breach of contract: no express or implied right to paid overtime existed (TOIL policy applied), and respondent had reasonable and proper cause for all actions including the disciplinary process. All claims dismissed.

Practical note

A clear written TOIL policy will usually prevent the implication of a contractual right to paid overtime through custom and practice, even where discretionary payments have sometimes been made, unless there is compelling evidence of a sufficiently regular and certain practice.

Legal authorities cited

Malik v Bank of Credit and Commerce International [1998] AC 20Courtaulds Northern Textiles Ltd v Andrew [1979] IRLR 84London Borough of Harrow v Knight [2003] IRLR 140Kilraine v London Borough of Wandsworth [2018] ICR 1850Cavendish Munro Professional Risks Management Ltd v Geduld [2010] ICR 325Chesterton Global Ltd v Nurmohamed [2018] ICR 731Fecitt v NHS Manchester [2012] ICR 372MOD v Jeremiah [1980] ICR 13Leeds Dental Team Ltd v Rose [2014] ICR 94Morrow v Safeway Stores plc [2002] IRLR 9Duke v Reliance Systems Ltd [1982] ICR 449Norbrook Laboratories (GB) Ltd v Shaw [2014] ICR 540McDermott v Sellafield Ltd [2023] EAT 60Shamoon v Chief Constable of the Royal Ulster Constabulary [2003] ICR 337Western Excavating v Sharp [1978] ICR 221

Statutes

General Data Protection Regulation (EU) 2016/679Data Protection Act 2018 s.8Data Protection Act 2018 s.43ERA 1996 s.43BERA 1996 s.43CERA 1996 s.47BERA 1996 s.48ERA 1996 s.95(1)(c)ERA 1996 s.103A

Case details

Case number
8000734/2024
Decision date
31 March 2025
Hearing type
full merits
Hearing days
3
Classification
contested

Respondent

Sector
charity
Represented
Yes
Rep type
lay rep

Employment details

Role
Scotland Branch Coordinator
Salary band
£20,000–£25,000
Service
5 years

Claimant representation

Represented
No