Cases3201079/2023

Claimant v The British Council

6 February 2025Before Employment Judge R BraceCardiffin person

Outcome

Claimant fails

Individual claims

Holiday Paystruck out

The tribunal held that the claimant was not an employee or worker of the respondent at the relevant time, and therefore the tribunal did not have jurisdiction to hear the claim for holiday pay.

Unlawful Deduction from Wagesstruck out

The tribunal held that the claimant was not an employee or worker of the respondent at the relevant time, and therefore the tribunal did not have jurisdiction to hear the claim for refusal to pay for grading between December 2022 and February 2023.

Breach of Contractstruck out

The tribunal held that no contract (express or implied) existed between the claimant and the respondent, and therefore the tribunal did not have jurisdiction to determine compensation for days when the claimant was not working.

Facts

The claimant worked as an IELTS examiner for the respondent's Global Hub from October 2016, initially supplied via Carbon60 Limited and subsequently Flexy Corporation Limited as a temporary agency worker, both part of the Impellam Group. The claimant was paid by these agencies for marking written and video speaking tests. He contended that he was an employee or worker of the respondent, arguing the agency arrangements were a sham and that the respondent exercised significant control over his work through detailed standards, monitoring, and certification requirements. The respondent asserted it engaged IELTS examiners solely via a managed service provider (Comensura) which subcontracted to agencies, and that there was no direct contractual relationship with the claimant.

Decision

The tribunal held that the claimant was neither an employee nor a worker of the respondent. It found that the express contractual arrangements — the managed services contract between the respondent and Comensura, and the temporary agency worker agreements between the claimant and Carbon60/Flexy — reflected the genuine business reality. The tribunal concluded it was not necessary to imply any direct contract between the claimant and the respondent, and that the agency arrangements were not a sham. The control exercised by the respondent over IELTS examiners was in its regulatory capacity as part of the IELTS Partnership, not as an employer. The claim was dismissed for lack of jurisdiction.

Practical note

Even where an end user exercises significant control over an agency worker's standards and performance (here, through certification, monitoring, and detailed professional standards), that control, if exercised in a regulatory capacity, does not convert the relationship into employment or worker status — the tribunal will uphold genuine quadripartite agency arrangements and require clear necessity before implying a direct contract.

Legal authorities cited

Autoclenz Ltd v Belcher [2011] UKSC 41The Aramis [1989] 1 Lloyd's Rep 213Heatherwood and Wrexham Park Hospitals NHS Trust v Kulubowila [2007] All ER (D)James v Greenwich Council [2008] IRLR 302Tilson v Alstom Transport [2011] IRLR 160Uber v BV and others v Aslam and others [2021] ICR 657Ter-berg v Simply Smile Manor House Ltd and ors 2023 EAT 2Ready Mixed Concrete v Minister of Pensions [1968] 2 QB 497

Statutes

ERA 1996 s.230(1)ERA 1996 s.230(2)ERA 1996 s.230(3)Employment Agencies Act 1973

Case details

Case number
3201079/2023
Decision date
6 February 2025
Hearing type
preliminary
Hearing days
6
Classification
contested

Respondent

Sector
education
Represented
Yes
Rep type
barrister

Employment details

Role
IELTS Examiner (OSM and VCS)

Claimant representation

Represented
No