Cases1400494/2024

Claimant v Marks and Spencer PLC

5 February 2025Before Employment Judge VolkmerExeterin person

Outcome

Partly successful

Individual claims

Unfair Dismissalnot determined

Not determined at this preliminary hearing. Claim was within the primary three month time limit. Merits to be determined at full hearing.

Direct Discrimination(race)not determined

Tribunal unable to determine time limits without hearing all evidence regarding whether acts formed a continuing course of conduct. Some allegations had little reasonable prospect (paragraphs 3.2.1, 3.2.2, 3.2.4) leading to deposit orders. Merits to be determined at full hearing.

Harassment(race)not determined

Same allegations as direct race discrimination. Tribunal found allegations at paragraphs 3.2.1, 3.2.2 and 3.2.4 had little reasonable prospect of success. Allegations at 3.2.3 and 3.2.5 to proceed to full hearing.

Direct Discrimination(disability)failed

Tribunal found the Claimant was not disabled at the material time (May 2023). No evidence provided of substantial long-term adverse effect on day-to-day activities at the relevant time. Claimant did not provide full medical records or oral evidence on effect on daily activities despite opportunities to do so. Claim dismissed.

Harassment(disability)failed

Tribunal found the Claimant was not disabled at the material time. Without establishing disability as a threshold issue, the harassment related to disability claim could not succeed. Claim dismissed.

Failure to Make Reasonable Adjustments(disability)failed

Tribunal found the Claimant was not disabled for the purposes of section 6 of the Equality Act 2010 at the material time (May 2023). Claimant failed to discharge burden of proof regarding substantial long-term effect on day-to-day activities. Claim dismissed.

Facts

The Claimant, a Lithuanian national, worked as a Customer Assistant for Marks and Spencer from October 2012 to November 2023. She had a diagnosed heart condition (paroxysmal atrial fibrillation) since 2009. She alleged race discrimination in five incidents between 2019-2023, including refusal to use toilet facilities during heavy menstrual bleeding, Covid mask investigation, lack of support after racial abuse by customer, disbelief about her heart condition, and dismissal. She was dismissed for gross misconduct following a customer complaint on 25 August 2023 where she claimed she had been racially abused.

Decision

The Tribunal dismissed all disability discrimination claims, finding the Claimant was not disabled at the material time because she failed to provide evidence of substantial long-term effect on day-to-day activities in May 2023. The Tribunal dismissed the strike-out application but made deposit orders totaling £90 for three race discrimination allegations found to have little reasonable prospect of success. Other race discrimination allegations were permitted to proceed to full hearing.

Practical note

Claimants must provide contemporaneous evidence of the effect of an impairment on day-to-day activities at the material time to establish disability; historic medical diagnoses and post-claim witness statements about current effects are insufficient.

Legal authorities cited

Goodwin v Patent Office [1999] ICR 302SCA Packaging Limited v Boyle (2009) ICR 1056All Answers Ltd v W [2021] EWCA Civ 606Seccombe v Reed in Partnership Ltd EA-2019-000478-00Abertawe Bro Morgannwg University Local Health Board v Morgan [2018] EWCA Civ 640Anyanwu & Another v South Bank University [2001] ICR 391Mechkarov v Citibank N.A [2016] ICR 1121Malik v Birmingham City Council UKEAT/0027/19Community Law Clinics Solicitors Ltd & Ors v Methuen UKEAT/0024/11Cox v Adecco Group UK & Ireland [2021] ICR 1307Hasan v Tesco Stores Ltd UKEAT/0098/16Hemdan v Ishmail [2017] IRLR 228Amber v West Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Service 2024 EAT 146J v DLA Piper UK LLP [2010] ICR 1052

Statutes

Equality Act 2010 s.6Equality Act 2010 s.13Equality Act 2010 s.26Equality Act 2010 s.123Equality Act 2010 s.136Equality Act 2010 Schedule 1Employment Rights Act 1996 s.98

Case details

Case number
1400494/2024
Decision date
5 February 2025
Hearing type
preliminary
Hearing days
2
Classification
contested

Respondent

Sector
retail
Represented
Yes
Rep type
barrister

Employment details

Role
Customer Assistant
Service
11 years

Claimant representation

Represented
No