Cases2217829/2024

Claimant v Secretary of State for Defence

31 January 2025Before Employment Judge J. Galbraith-MartenLondon Centralremote video

Outcome

Claimant fails

Individual claims

Direct Discrimination(age)struck out

The claim was struck out as having no reasonable prospect of success because Schedule 9, paragraph 4(3) of the Equality Act 2010 provides an absolute statutory exception excluding age discrimination claims relating to service in the armed forces, including recruitment. This exception is lawful under the Framework Directive 2000/78/EC and is not subject to any proportionality requirement.

Discrimination Arising from Disability (s.15)(disability)struck out

The claim was struck out as having no reasonable prospect of success because Schedule 9, paragraph 4(3) of the Equality Act 2010 exempts the armed forces from the work provisions of the Act relating to disability. The Tribunal has no jurisdiction to hear disability discrimination claims relating to armed forces recruitment.

Failure to Make Reasonable Adjustments(disability)struck out

This claim relating to reasonable adjustments for dyslexia during the defence aptitude assessment was struck out along with the disability discrimination claim, as the Tribunal has no jurisdiction under Schedule 9, paragraph 4(3) of the Equality Act 2010 to hear disability-related claims concerning armed forces recruitment.

Direct Discrimination(race)not determined

The respondent's application to strike out the race discrimination claim was refused. Although the claim was poorly particularised, the tribunal took the claimant's case at its highest as a litigant in person and noted he had identified two comparators of a different race who he alleges were treated more favourably. Further particulars were ordered before determining whether the claim has little reasonable prospect of success.

Facts

The claimant, aged 55, applied to rejoin the Royal Air Force Auxiliary Reserves in September 2023, having previously served in 2004-2005. He has dyslexia and took two defence aptitude assessments, scoring one mark below the pass mark on the second test. Although the respondent offered him a waiver for the test, he still needed to complete an interview, medical, fitness test, and obtain education and age waivers before his 55th birthday on 21 January 2024. The respondent rejected his application because it believed he could not complete all requirements in time. The claimant alleged the respondent deliberately delayed his application.

Decision

The tribunal struck out the claimant's age and disability discrimination claims as having no reasonable prospect of success because Schedule 9, paragraph 4(3) of the Equality Act 2010 provides an absolute statutory exception excluding such claims relating to armed forces recruitment. The tribunal refused to strike out the race discrimination claim, noting the claimant had identified comparators and should be given the opportunity to properly particularise his claim as a litigant in person. The tribunal declined to make a deposit order at this stage.

Practical note

Schedule 9, paragraph 4(3) of the Equality Act 2010 provides an absolute jurisdictional bar to age and disability discrimination claims in relation to armed forces recruitment, derived from the Framework Directive, and tribunals must strike out such claims even at the recruitment stage.

Legal authorities cited

R (Child Soldiers International) v Secretary of State for Defence [2016] 1 WLR 1062Hemdan v Ishmail [2017] ICR 486Amber v West Yorkshire Fire & Rescue Service 2024 EAT146Mbuisa v Cygnet Healthcare Ltd EAT 119/18Hasan v Tesco Stores Ltd EAT0098/16Cox v Adecco Group UK & Ireland [2021] ICR 1307Anyanwu v South Bank Student Union [2001] ICR 391Ghaidan v Godin-Mendoza [2004] AC 557

Statutes

Equality Act 2010 s.39Equality Act 2010 Schedule 9, paragraph 4(3)Employment Tribunals (Constitution & Rules of Procedure) Regulations 2013, Schedule 1, Rule 39Employment Tribunals (Constitution & Rules of Procedure) Regulations 2013, Schedule 1, Rule 37Framework Directive 2000/78/EC article 3(4)Framework Directive 2000/78/EC recital 19Human Rights Act 1998 s.3Equality Act 2010 s.83

Case details

Case number
2217829/2024
Decision date
31 January 2025
Hearing type
preliminary
Hearing days
1
Classification
contested

Respondent

Sector
military
Represented
Yes
Rep type
barrister

Employment details

Role
Royal Air Force Auxiliary Reserves applicant

Claimant representation

Represented
No