Claimant v Apple (UK) Limited
Outcome
Individual claims
The tribunal found that although the claimant was treated less favourably than male comparator Loic Gramaglia (who was allowed to perform a London-based role from Paris), the respondent provided a non-discriminatory explanation: the relative sizes of the business in France versus Spain. The tribunal accepted this was the genuine reason, not the claimant's sex.
The tribunal found the PCP (requiring London-based employees to attend the London office and not work fully remotely overseas) did put women at a disadvantage due to childcare responsibilities. The claimant established this disadvantage. However, the tribunal found the respondent's aims (minimising tax risk and meeting operational requirements) were legitimate and the PCP was a proportionate means of achieving the tax aim, though they had doubts about the operational requirement justification.
The tribunal found no fundamental breach of the implied term of trust and confidence. The absence review meetings after 10 months were reasonable in context, particularly given the claimant had initially requested no direct contact. The tribunal found the claimant resigned because she was told the role remained London-based and she was unwilling to return to London, not because of any breach of contract.
The claim for wrongful dismissal was dismissed upon withdrawal by the claimant.
Claims under s80G and 80I ERA 1996 and Regulation 4 of the Flexible Working Regulations 2014 were not upheld. The tribunal had to determine whether the claimant made a valid statutory flexible working request and whether it was handled reasonably. The claims failed, though the detailed reasoning is not fully extracted in the provided text.
Facts
The claimant was employed as EMEA Platform Publisher Video Lead, a London-based role. In August 2022, her husband was offered a promotion in Spain. She requested to work fully remotely from Spain to keep the family together. The respondent refused, citing tax risks from cross-border working and operational requirements. A male comparator, Loic Gramaglia, was allowed to perform a London role from Paris due to France's larger market. The claimant went on sick leave from December 2022. After 10 months with minimal contact, the respondent held absence review meetings in September-October 2023. The claimant resigned on 20 October 2023.
Decision
The tribunal dismissed all claims. On direct sex discrimination, although less favourable treatment was established compared to a male comparator, the respondent proved the reason was the relative market size of Spain versus France, not sex. On indirect discrimination, the claimant established group disadvantage but the respondent justified the PCP on tax grounds. On constructive dismissal, no fundamental breach was found as the absence review meetings were reasonable in context and the claimant resigned because she was unwilling to return to London, not due to any breach.
Practical note
Employers can rely on legitimate business reasons (such as tax risk mitigation linked to market size) to refuse international relocation requests, even where this results in less favourable treatment compared to others, provided the reason is genuine and not a pretext for discrimination based on a protected characteristic.
Legal authorities cited
Statutes
Case details
- Case number
- 2212766/2023
- Decision date
- 17 August 2024
- Hearing type
- full merits
- Hearing days
- 5
- Classification
- contested
Respondent
- Sector
- technology
- Represented
- Yes
- Rep type
- barrister
Employment details
- Role
- EMEA Platform Publisher Video Lead
- Service
- 2 years
Claimant representation
- Represented
- Yes
- Rep type
- barrister