Cases3310847/2023

Claimant v Ent Serv UK Limited

12 August 2024Before Employment Judge EmeryEast of Englandremote video

Outcome

Partly successful

Individual claims

Unfair Dismissalstruck out

The tribunal found the claimant was not an employee of the respondent but rather a contract worker on secondment from EIT India. He was paid by EIT India, managed by EIT India, and appraised by EIT India. The overwhelming evidence showed he remained on secondment throughout despite the visa sponsorship. As he was not an employee under the Employment Rights Act, the tribunal had no jurisdiction to hear the unfair dismissal claim.

Direct Discrimination(race)not determined

The tribunal refused to strike out the race discrimination claim, finding substantial disputes of fact. The claimant argued his performance was good and that his role was given to a Singapore-based employee despite claims it was being offshored. The sudden change in performance assessment coincided with his application for permanent transfer. The tribunal found the claimant was a contract worker under s.41 Equality Act 2010, giving jurisdiction for the discrimination claim to proceed.

Discrimination Arising from Disability (s.15)(disability)struck out

The tribunal found the claimant was not disabled at the relevant time. His mental health symptoms and substantial impact began in May 2023 after being told his secondment was ending, with his first GP visit in June 2023. There was no evidence of substantial impact prior to the decision to end his secondment. The disability discrimination claims were therefore dismissed as the claimant did not meet the definition of disability under the Equality Act at the time of the alleged discriminatory acts.

Facts

The claimant, an Indian national, was employed by EIT India from 2010 and seconded to the respondent (a UK DXC Technology subsidiary) from February 2018 to work on an IT infrastructure project at Rolls Royce as Project Manager. He was paid by EIT India via split-pay arrangement, managed and appraised by EIT India, and his secondment was extended multiple times. In 2021 he applied for permanent international transfer to the respondent. The respondent sponsored his work visas including a Skilled Workers Visa in January 2023. In May 2023 he was told his secondment would end on 30 June 2023, allegedly for financial and performance reasons. He subsequently developed mental health symptoms.

Decision

The tribunal dismissed the unfair dismissal claim, finding the claimant was not an employee of the respondent but a contract worker on secondment from EIT India. The disability discrimination claims were struck out as the claimant was not disabled at the time of the alleged acts - his condition only had substantial impact after being told his secondment was ending. However, the race discrimination claims were allowed to proceed as the respondent accepted contract worker status under s.41 Equality Act, and there were substantial disputes of fact regarding performance and the reasons for ending the secondment.

Practical note

Immigration sponsorship and visa requirements do not determine employment status - tribunals will look to the substance of the contractual relationship, payment arrangements, and line management structures when determining whether a worker on international secondment is an employee or contract worker.

Legal authorities cited

Anyanwu v South Bank Student Union [2001] ICR 391United Taxis Ltd v Comolly [2023] EAT 93Ezsias v North Glamorgan NHS Trust [2007] EWCA Civ 330Balls v Downham Market High School UKEAT/0343/10Van Rensburg v Royal Borough of Kingston-Upon-Thames UKEAT/0096/07H v Ishmail UKEAT/0021/16Amber v West Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Service [2024] EAT 146Tesco Stores Ltd v Tennant UKEAT/0167/19/00Cruickshank v VAW Motorcast Ltd [2002] ICR 7291

Statutes

Equality Act 2010 s.83(2)(a)Employment Rights Act 1996 s.230(1)Employment Rights Act 1996 s.230(2)Equality Act 2010 s.6(1)Equality Act 2010 s.41

Case details

Case number
3310847/2023
Decision date
12 August 2024
Hearing type
preliminary
Hearing days
2
Classification
procedural

Respondent

Sector
technology
Represented
Yes
Rep type
barrister

Employment details

Role
Project Manager
Service
5 years

Claimant representation

Represented
No