Cases2301202/2022

Claimant v Royal Borough of Greenwich

9 July 2024Before Employment Judge Fredericks-BowyerLondon (South)remote video

Outcome

Claimant succeeds£63,773

Individual claims

Direct Discrimination(sex)failed

The claimant gave no evidence which could lead the tribunal to conclude she may have been the victim of discrimination because of her sex. Her witness statement focused principally on race discrimination and made only two passing references to being a woman. Some key incidents involved comparison with female colleagues. The claimant failed to meet her evidential burden.

Direct Discrimination(race)succeeded

The tribunal found all alleged instances of less favourable treatment as facts. Key findings included: management not supportive of claimant's Black Lives Matter awareness efforts; her concerns about race discrimination were minimised and called 'silly'; she was given menial roles while white colleagues received work suited to her skills; she was treated tokenistically; racial stereotypes were applied to her (called 'qualified nuisance', 'authoritarian', 'strong personality'); and her Head of Department (Dawn Squires) had previously been found liable for discrimination and harassment relating to Muslims. The tribunal was satisfied the claimant met her burden that the treatment was done because of race. With the response struck out, the respondent could offer no alternative explanation.

Indirect Discrimination(race)failed

The alleged PCPs (not carrying out PRaDS, not setting SMART goals, not making development plans) were applied negatively only to the claimant, not to others. The claimant complained these steps were not done for her but were done for others. This does not establish a PCP applied generally. Further, the claimant provided no evidence that application of these PCPs put the group sharing her protected characteristic at a disadvantage. Claims did not work as indirect discrimination.

Indirect Discrimination(sex)failed

The claimant provided no evidence that the alleged PCPs were applied to anyone else or that they put the group sharing her sex at a particular disadvantage. The pleaded claims identified issues done to her negatively, not generally applicable practices. The claims did not work as indirect discrimination.

Discrimination Arising from Disability (s.15)not determined

This claim was listed in the case management orders under section 39 Equality Act 2010 relating to access to opportunities, but the judgment makes no findings on this head of claim. It appears it may have been withdrawn or not pursued.

Victimisationpartly succeeded

The tribunal found six protected acts: raising race discrimination with line manager (August 2018), raising race discrimination with HR (September 2018), raising issues with racial equality network (July 2020), raising matters via occupational health reports (November 2020, November 2021), the grievance (December 2020), and the grievance appeal. Four pleaded acts were found not to be protected acts because they were general complaints not sufficiently aligned to the Equality Act. The tribunal found all pleaded detriments occurred as facts, save for one (community engagement role offered to another in April 2018) which pre-dated all protected acts and so could not have been done because of them. All other detriments were found to have been done because of the protected acts, with no alternative explanation available due to the struck-out response.

Facts

The claimant, a Black woman with landscape architecture qualifications, worked in the respondent's Parks department from around 2017. She alleged progressive undermining: projects were taken away from her or given to white colleagues, her role re-evaluation was promised but never completed over three years while white colleagues' roles were re-evaluated quickly, she was given menial tasks while white colleagues received work suited to her skills, her complaints about racism were dismissed as 'silly', she was subject to racial stereotypes ('qualified nuisance', 'authoritarian', 'strong personality'), and despite raising concerns repeatedly from 2018 onwards and lodging a formal grievance in December 2020, no meaningful action was taken. The respondent's Head of Department, Dawn Squires, had previously been found liable for religious discrimination and harassment in another tribunal case.

Decision

The tribunal struck out the respondent's response for unreasonable conduct in disclosure which made a fair hearing impossible - relevant documents were only disclosed during cross-examination and between witnesses, indicating an inadequate disclosure process similar to a previous case against the same respondent. With the response struck out, the tribunal found the claimant succeeded in proving direct race discrimination and victimisation. The tribunal found facts from which they could conclude the treatment was because of race, including use of racial stereotypes, tokenistic treatment, minimising of race concerns, and involvement of a manager previously found liable for discrimination. Sex discrimination and indirect discrimination claims failed due to lack of evidence. The tribunal awarded £63,773.15 including past losses for failure to re-grade her role (£34,363.65), future losses for 18 months (£9,409.50), and injury to feelings (£20,000).

Practical note

Inadequate disclosure processes in discrimination cases risk strike-out even where the respondent is a public body represented by counsel, particularly where similar failures occurred in previous cases; use of racial stereotypes, minimising race concerns, and tokenistic treatment can shift the burden of proof in race discrimination claims even where much of the alleged conduct might otherwise appear to be poor management.

Award breakdown

Compensatory award£34,364
Injury to feelings£20,000

Vento band: middle

Legal authorities cited

Shamoon v Chief Constable of the Royal Ulster Constabulary [2003] ICR 337Chief Constable of West Yorkshire Police v Khan [2001] ICR 1065 HLBalamoody v United Kingdom Central Council for Nursing, Midwifery and Health Visiting [2002] ICR 646 CAGould v St John's Downshire Hill [2021] ICR 1 EATThe Law Society v Bahl [2003] IRLR 640Blockbuster Entertainment v James [2006] IRLR 630 CAM Cummings v Royal Borough of Greenwich 2301311/2020De Souza v Vinci Construction (UK) Ltd [2017] EWCA Civ 879Abertawe Bro Morgannwg University Local Health Board v Morgan [2018] EWCA Civ 640Madarassy v Nomura International Plc [2007] ICR 867Igen v Wong [2005] ICR 931Vento v Chief Constable of West Yorkshire Police [2003] ICR 318

Statutes

Equality Act 2010 s.27Equality Act 2010 s.39Equality Act 2010 s.123Equality Act 2010 s.136Employment Tribunal Rules of Procedure 2013 Rule 21Employment Tribunal Rules of Procedure 2013 Rule 30AEmployment Tribunal Rules of Procedure 2013 Rule 31Equality Act 2010 s.13Employment Tribunal Rules of Procedure 2013 Rule 37Equality Act 2010 s.19

Case details

Case number
2301202/2022
Decision date
9 July 2024
Hearing type
full merits
Hearing days
7
Classification
contested

Respondent

Name
Royal Borough of Greenwich
Sector
local government
Represented
Yes
Rep type
barrister

Employment details

Role
Development Officer

Claimant representation

Represented
No