Cases1804040/2023

Claimant v GH Ltd

2 July 2024Before Regional Employment Judge S DaviesLeedsremote video

Outcome

Claimant fails

Individual claims

Harassment(sex)struck out

Sexual assault allegation in December 2021: Claim presented June 2023, over 2 years out of time. Tribunal found not just and equitable to extend: Claimant knew of time limits by October 2022, was able to report to police and lodge grievance, and delay caused prejudice to respondent (YZ and company) given serious nature of allegation and impact on evidence cogency.

Victimisationstruck out

Allegation that respondent invited claimant to meeting re misconduct complaints in November 2022 because she had lodged grievance (protected act) on 24 October 2022. Tribunal found not just and equitable to extend time (same reasons as harassment complaints). On merits: Tribunal found complaints from colleagues were genuine and not solicited by management; respondent was obliged to investigate. No victimisation established.

Constructive Dismissalfailed

Tribunal found no fundamental breach of contract. Claimant affirmed contract after December 2021 incident. Subsequent conduct by respondent (working arrangements, training event, Staffordshire project, YZ in building, mediation offer, investigation of complaints about claimant) did not, singly or cumulatively, breach implied term of trust and confidence. Some matters could have been handled better but did not reach threshold of fundamental breach. Claimant therefore not constructively dismissed.

Unfair Dismissalfailed

As there was no constructive dismissal (no fundamental breach of contract), the complaint of unfair dismissal could not succeed. The tribunal found that the respondent's conduct, even where it could have been better handled, was not without reasonable cause and was not calculated or likely to destroy trust and confidence.

Facts

Claimant alleged colleague YZ sexually assaulted her after Christmas party December 2021 when both drunk. She reported informally January 2022; respondent kept them apart where practicable but claimant did not initially want formal complaint. From February-November 2022 claimant and YZ occasionally in proximity (same field, same training groups, same project). Claimant raised formal grievance October 2022 after being asked to work on project where YZ also working. Grievance partly upheld but original assault allegation not upheld (word against word). Claimant resigned March 2023 while on sick leave, claimed constructive dismissal.

Decision

Tribunal dismissed all claims. Harassment and victimisation complaints (except constructive dismissal) struck out as out of time—not just and equitable to extend given claimant knew of time limits from October 2022 and was able to take steps (grievance, police, new job search) despite mental health difficulties. On merits: tribunal could not determine on balance of probabilities whether December 2021 incident was unwanted. Subsequent conduct by respondent not related to sex and not fundamental breach of contract. No constructive dismissal, therefore unfair dismissal claim also failed.

Practical note

Even where a claimant suffers anxiety and depression, tribunals will consider what they were actually able to do (lodge grievances, attend meetings, seek new employment) when assessing whether it is just and equitable to extend time, and substantial delays (here over 18 months for some complaints) causing evidential prejudice will weigh heavily against extension.

Legal authorities cited

Igen v Wong [2005] ICR 931Robertson v Bexley Community Centre [2003] IRLR 434Chief Constable of Lincolnshire Police v Caston [2010] IRLR 327Abertawe Bro Morgannwg University Local Health Board v Morgan [2018] IRLR 1050Frenkel Topping Ltd v King UKEAT/0106/15/LAOmilaju v Waltham Forest BC [2005] IRLR 35Nottinghamshire County Council v Meikle [2005] ICR 1Wright v North Ayrshire Council UKEATS/0017/13/BIDriscoll v & P Global Ltd [2021] IRLR 891Efobi v Royal Mail Group Ltd [2021] UKSC 33Richmond Pharmacology v Dhaliwal [2009] ICR 724Western Excavating v Sharp [1978] ICR 221Malik v Bank of Credit and Commerce International [1998] AC 20Adedeji v University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust [2021] EWCA Civ 23English v Thomas Sanderson Blinds Ltd [2009] ICR 543

Statutes

Equality Act 2010 s.123Equality Act 2010 s.136Employment Rights Act 1996 s.94Employment Rights Act 1996 s.95Equality Act 2010 s.26Equality Act 2010 s.27

Case details

Case number
1804040/2023
Decision date
2 July 2024
Hearing type
full merits
Hearing days
5
Classification
contested

Respondent

Name
GH Ltd
Sector
professional services
Represented
Yes
Rep type
lay rep

Employment details

Role
Archaeological Officer
Service
2 years

Claimant representation

Represented
No