Cases4106296/2023

Claimant v Mrs Tiwaporn Sutawan Reid

11 April 2024Before Employment Judge A KempScotlandin person

Outcome

Claimant succeeds£11,317

Individual claims

Unlawful Deduction from Wagessucceeded

The tribunal found that the first respondent failed to pay the claimant wages of £500 net per week for the period 1 December 2022 to 2 May 2023. Despite a time limit issue, the tribunal extended time finding it not reasonably practicable for the claimant to have commenced proceedings earlier due to his very limited English, lack of legal advice, and assurances from the respondent that payment would be made. The claimant's evidence was credible and reliable, while the first respondent's was not.

Holiday Paysucceeded

The tribunal accepted the claimant's evidence that he did not take any annual leave between April 2023 and 4 August 2023 and was not paid for accrued leave on termination. This constituted an unauthorised deduction from wages under section 13 ERA 1996 and a failure to pay under Regulation 14 of the Working Time Regulations 1998. The claim for £816.66 was awarded.

Breach of Contractsucceeded

The tribunal found the first respondent was in breach of contract for failing to pay wages due for the period December 2022 to April 2023 and for accrued annual leave pay. The claim was brought within jurisdiction under the Employment Tribunals Extension of Jurisdiction (Scotland) Order 1994, and the first respondent had no defence having failed to file a response in time. The tribunal awarded damages for unpaid wages.

Wrongful Dismissalfailed

The claimant had claimed notice pay but the tribunal found this was not appropriate given evidence of a written resignation by the claimant on 4 August 2023. It was not clear there had been a breach of contract by the employer founding a wrongful dismissal claim. The claim for notice pay was therefore rejected.

Facts

The claimant, a Thai national with very limited English, was employed by the first respondent from December 2022 to prepare and operate a Thai restaurant in Edinburgh. He was orally promised £500 net per week but received no wages until May 2023, only payments for equipment and stock. From May 2023 wages were paid weekly, mostly by the second respondent company. The claimant resigned on 4 August 2023. No written contract, payslips, or particulars were provided. The first respondent failed to pay outstanding wages or holiday pay, and failed to remit tax and NI to HMRC.

Decision

The tribunal found the first respondent was the employer and had made unauthorised deductions from wages by failing to pay £10,857.14 for December 2022 to April 2023 and £816.66 in accrued holiday pay. The tribunal extended time for the early period claim, finding it not reasonably practicable for the claimant to have claimed earlier given his language barrier and lack of legal advice. The tribunal awarded £11,316.66 net, with the first respondent responsible for all tax and NI obligations. The claim against the second respondent was dismissed.

Practical note

Employment tribunals will extend time limits where a claimant with limited English and no legal advice could not reasonably have been expected to bring a claim earlier, particularly where the employer gave assurances of payment and failed to provide basic statutory documentation like contracts and payslips.

Award breakdown

Holiday pay£817
Unpaid wages£10,857

Legal authorities cited

Bear Scotland Ltd v Fulton [2015] ICR 221Clark v Harney Westwood and Reggels UKEAT/0018/20Clifford v Union of Democratic Mineworkers [1991] IRLR 518Secretary of State for Education and Employment v Bearman [1998] IRLR 431Dynasystems v Moseley UKEAT/0091/17/BAChief Constable of Police Service of Northern Ireland v Agnew [2024] IRLR 56Autoclenz Ltd v Belcher [2011] UKSC 41

Statutes

ERA 1996 s.13ERA 1996 s.23ERA 1996 s.27ERA 1996 s.86Working Time Regulations 1998 Reg 14Employment Tribunals (Extension of Jurisdiction) (Scotland) Order 1994 Reg 7Employment Tribunals Act 1996 s.12A

Case details

Case number
4106296/2023
Decision date
11 April 2024
Hearing type
full merits
Hearing days
1
Classification
contested

Respondent

Sector
hospitality
Represented
No
Rep type
self

Employment details

Role
cleaning and repair works
Service
8 months

Claimant representation

Represented
No