Cases8000464/2023

Claimant v Hiflow Property Services

4 March 2024Before Employment Judge P O'DonnellScotlandin person

Outcome

Claimant succeeds£22,150

Individual claims

Discrimination Arising from Disability (s.15)(pregnancy)succeeded

The tribunal found the claimant was subjected to disciplinary proceedings and given a written warning primarily because of absences due to pregnancy-related morning sickness. This was overt pregnancy discrimination under s18 Equality Act 2010.

Detriment(pregnancy)succeeded

The tribunal found that the reduction of the claimant's working hours from 39.5 to 29 hours per week was an inextricable part of the discriminatory disciplinary process and would not have occurred but for the pregnancy discrimination.

Direct Discrimination(pregnancy)succeeded

The tribunal found the claimant was dismissed because she was pregnant. The dismissal occurred only six weeks after she announced her pregnancy, followed immediately after discriminatory disciplinary action, and the respondent failed to provide any credible non-discriminatory explanation for the dismissal.

Unfair Dismissalnot determined

The tribunal found it unnecessary to determine the unfair dismissal claim under s99 ERA 1996 because the discrimination claims succeeded and covered the same ground with broader remedies including injury to feelings.

Facts

The claimant worked as an administrator for a heating and plumbing company for about seven months. She informed her employer she was pregnant on 31 July 2023. Within six weeks, she was subjected to a disciplinary process primarily focused on absences due to morning sickness, given a written warning, had her hours reduced, and was then dismissed at an impromptu meeting on 15 September 2023. The respondent failed to produce key documentary evidence and gave confused and contradictory reasons for the dismissal.

Decision

The tribunal found the claimant was unlawfully discriminated against under s18 Equality Act 2010 because of pregnancy and pregnancy-related illness. The disciplinary action was primarily motivated by pregnancy-related absences, which was overt discrimination. The dismissal six weeks after announcing pregnancy, following discriminatory disciplinary action, with no credible alternative explanation, led the tribunal to infer pregnancy was an effective cause. The tribunal awarded £22,150.33 including compensation for loss of earnings, injury to feelings, interest, and a 15% ACAS uplift.

Practical note

Employers must never discipline or dismiss employees for pregnancy-related absences, and tribunals will draw adverse inferences from failure to produce relevant documentary evidence and from confused, contradictory explanations for dismissal occurring shortly after pregnancy disclosure.

Award breakdown

Compensatory award£10,800
Injury to feelings£8,000
Pension loss£255
Interest£461

Vento band: lower

Adjustments

ACAS uplift+15%

Respondent wholly failed to comply with ACAS Code when dismissing the claimant. The dismissal meeting was not described as disciplinary, claimant was not informed it might lead to dismissal, and there was no attempt to follow proper procedure despite the respondent having done so in the earlier disciplinary process. This failure was unreasonable and warranted a 15% uplift totalling £2889.17.

Legal authorities cited

Shamoon v Chief Constable of the Royal Ulster Constabulary [2003] ICR 337Maund v Penwith District Council [1984] IRLR 24O'Neill v Governors of St Thomas More Roman Catholic Voluntary Aided Upper School [1996] IRLR 372Igen v Wong [2005] ICR 931Hewage v Grampian Health Board [2012] UKSC 37Anya v University of Oxford [2001] ICR 847

Statutes

Equality Act 2010 s.136Employment Rights Act 1996 ss.55 & 56Employment Rights Act 1996 s.99Equality Act 2010 s.18Equality Act 2010 s.39(2)(c)Equality Act 2010 s.39(2)(d)Equality Act 2010 s.124

Case details

Case number
8000464/2023
Decision date
4 March 2024
Hearing type
full merits
Hearing days
1
Classification
contested

Respondent

Sector
construction
Represented
No

Employment details

Role
Administrator
Service
7 months

Claimant representation

Represented
No