Cases4106437/2023

Claimant v South Lanarkshire Council

28 February 2024Before Employment Judge A KempScotlandremote video

Outcome

Partly successful£16,377

Individual claims

Failure to Make Reasonable Adjustments(disability)succeeded

The tribunal found that the respondent, from 9 October 2022, ought reasonably to have known the claimant was disabled (anxiety and depression). After the third Occupational Health Report (26 April 2023) stated the claimant was medically fit for home working only and that attending the office may exacerbate his anxiety and chronic mood disorder, the respondent failed to adjust the PCP of requiring office attendance one day per week. The tribunal held this failure was unreasonable, especially given the medical advice of potential harm, and that working from home was a reasonable adjustment the respondent should have made.

Harassment(disability)failed

The tribunal found that while some conduct was unwanted and related to disability, it did not meet the statutory threshold. The claimant's perception that the conduct violated his dignity or created a hostile environment was not considered reasonable in the circumstances. The respondent was seeking to manage the situation, and the claimant's own conduct contributed to difficulties. The tribunal concluded there was no breach of section 26.

Victimisation(disability)succeeded

The tribunal found that the letter of 9 May 2023, which withdrew a temporary offer of one-hour weekly meetings in the office and instead required full office attendance, was victimisation. The tribunal held that the withdrawal of the temporary arrangement, shortly after the claimant's first tribunal claim (a protected act) had resulted in a preliminary hearing being scheduled instead of a full hearing, raised a prima facie case of victimisation. The respondent failed to discharge the burden of proof by not calling the decision-maker (Mr Wilson) or personnel staff to explain the decision. The tribunal found the decision was influenced by the fact the tribunal hearing was postponed, which followed from the claim being presented.

Facts

The claimant, a Finance Assistant with 25 years' service at South Lanarkshire Council, suffered from anxiety, depression, and a heart condition (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy). During Covid-19, he worked from home. From April 2022, the respondent required all staff to attend the office one day per week. The claimant raised concerns about his health and anxiety about catching Covid-19, requesting continued home working as a reasonable adjustment. He lodged a grievance in September 2022 alleging disability discrimination, which was rejected. Despite an Occupational Health report in April 2023 stating he was fit for home working only and warning that office attendance may exacerbate his anxiety and mood disorder, the respondent insisted on office attendance. On 9 May 2023, after the claimant's tribunal claim resulted in a hearing postponement, the respondent withdrew a temporary offer of one-hour weekly meetings and required full office attendance, threatening disciplinary action if he did not comply. The claimant went off sick and remained absent.

Decision

The tribunal found the respondent ought reasonably to have known from 9 October 2022 that the claimant was disabled. It held the respondent failed in its duty to make reasonable adjustments by requiring office attendance after receiving the April 2023 Occupational Health report advising against it. The tribunal also found the letter of 9 May 2023 withdrawing the temporary arrangement was victimisation, as the respondent failed to prove it was not connected to the claimant's first tribunal claim. The harassment claim failed. The tribunal awarded £13,000 injury to feelings (lower-middle Vento band) plus interest, and limited financial losses to two months (one third of claimed losses), reflecting its finding that the claimant would likely have been dismissed for misconduct within two months had adjustments been made, due to inappropriate emails, behaviour at a team meeting, and a whistleblowing complaint the tribunal considered not made in good faith. Total award: £16,376.82.

Practical note

An employer cannot rely on its failure to properly investigate disability status to avoid the duty to make reasonable adjustments; where Occupational Health advises that an employee is not fit to attend the workplace and that doing so risks exacerbating a mental health condition, requiring attendance is unlikely to be reasonable, and an employer must either make the adjustment, find alternative arrangements, or consider capability procedures — it cannot simply insist on compliance.

Award breakdown

Injury to feelings£13,000
Interest£2,095

Vento band: middle

Adjustments

Contributory fault66.67%

Tribunal awarded only one third of financial losses on the basis that, had the respondent made reasonable adjustments, the claimant would likely have been dismissed for gross misconduct within two months due to inappropriate emails, behaviour at a team meeting, and a purported whistleblowing complaint the tribunal considered not made in good faith. The tribunal found it essentially certain there would have been a fair and lawful dismissal in such circumstances.

Legal authorities cited

Environment Agency v Rowan [2008] ICR 218Archibald v Fife Council [2004] ICR 954Royal Bank of Scotland v Ashton [2011] ICR 632Smith v Churchills Stairlifts plc [2006] IRLR 41Gallop v Newport City Council [2013] EWCA Civ 1583Fareham College Corporation v Walters [2009] IRLR 991Nottingham City Transport Ltd v Harvey UKEAT/0032/12Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust v Foster [2010] UKEAT/0552/10Tarbuck v Sainsbury Supermarkets Ltd [2006] UKEAT 0136Secretary of State for DWP v Alam [2009] UKEAT 0242O'Donoghue v Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council [2001] EWCA Civ 701Da'Bell v NSPCC [2010] IRLR 19Vento v Chief Constable of West Yorkshire Police [2003] ICR 318

Statutes

Equality Act 2010 s.123Equality Act 2010 s.20Equality Act 2010 s.136Equality Act 2010 s.212Equality Act 2010 s.124Equality Act 2010 s.21Equality Act 2010 s.26Equality Act 2010 s.27Equality Act 2010 s.39

Case details

Case number
4106437/2023
Decision date
28 February 2024
Hearing type
full merits
Hearing days
3
Classification
contested

Respondent

Name
South Lanarkshire Council
Sector
local government
Represented
Yes
Rep type
solicitor

Employment details

Role
Finance Assistant
Service
26 years

Claimant representation

Represented
Yes
Rep type
solicitor