Cases2201739/2023

Claimant v Combined Technical Solutions Limited

6 February 2024Before Employment Judge WebsterLondon Centralin person

Outcome

Claimant fails

Individual claims

Harassment(race)failed

The tribunal found no evidence linking any of the alleged conduct to the claimant's race, nationality, accent or dialect. The tribunal noted the claimant provided no evidence of how his race was related to the treatment, no comparator evidence, and the respondent provided credible non-discriminatory explanations for all conduct. The tribunal concluded none of the treatment was related to the protected characteristic.

Direct Discrimination(race)failed

The tribunal found the claimant failed to shift the burden of proof, providing no evidence that race was even part of the reason for any treatment. All incidents had credible non-discriminatory explanations related to the new working systems, the claimant's refusal to follow supervisory instructions, and the disciplinary process. A hypothetical comparator would have been treated the same way in the same circumstances.

Constructive Dismissalfailed

The tribunal found no fundamental breach of contract. The initial breach regarding shift patterns was rectified by September 2022 when the respondent confirmed the claimant only needed to work 10am-7pm shifts. The claimant resigned because he did not want to work under the new supervisory systems and did not want to account for his time to Mr Rajendran, not in response to a breach of contract. Requiring an employee to report to a supervisor does not breach the implied term of trust and confidence.

Facts

The claimant, a Black Caribbean fabric technician, transferred under TUPE from Vertex to CTS in July 2022. Following the transfer, disputes arose over his working hours (he had an agreed 10am-7pm shift for caring responsibilities) and new supervisory systems requiring him to report his work to Mr Rajendran. After several disagreements with his supervisor, the claimant was suspended and subject to disciplinary proceedings for alleged insubordination. He raised a grievance alleging bullying and racial discrimination, but it was not upheld. He received a written warning and resigned in December 2022, claiming constructive dismissal.

Decision

The tribunal dismissed all claims. It found no evidence that any treatment was because of or related to the claimant's race, nationality, accent or dialect. The respondent provided credible non-discriminatory explanations for all conduct. The constructive dismissal claim failed because the initial breach regarding shift patterns had been rectified by September 2022, and the claimant actually resigned because he did not want to work under the new supervisory arrangements, which was not a breach of contract.

Practical note

Even where a claimant perceives unfair treatment and genuinely believes it is discriminatory, they must adduce evidence linking the treatment to the protected characteristic — merely pointing to unfairness is insufficient to shift the burden of proof in discrimination claims, and an employer is entitled to change working systems and supervise employees without this amounting to a breach of the implied term of trust and confidence.

Legal authorities cited

Anya v University of Oxford [2001] ICR 847Igen v Wong [2005] ICR 931Nagarajan v London Regional Transport [2000] 1 AC 501Madarassy v Nomura International Plc [2007] ICR 867Western Excavating v Sharp [1978] ICR 221Waltham Forest v Omilaju [2004] EWCA Civ 1493Kaur v Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust [2018] EWCA Civ 978Land Registry v Grant [2011] ICR 1390

Statutes

Employment Rights Act 1996 s.95(1)(c)Equality Act 2010 s.136Equality Act 2010 s.26Equality Act 2010 s.13

Case details

Case number
2201739/2023
Decision date
6 February 2024
Hearing type
full merits
Hearing days
4.5
Classification
contested

Respondent

Sector
professional services
Represented
Yes
Rep type
barrister

Employment details

Role
Fabric Technician
Service
5 years

Claimant representation

Represented
Yes
Rep type
lay rep